How to Grow and Care for Firmosses

There are no underground stems, and the stems are almost upright on the roots and the ground. The root of the stem is slightly slanted and sprouts, so it becomes a stock. The stem also branches 2-3 degrees at the top. The height is 7 to 20 cm, sometimes around 30 cm. Stems and leaves are hard. The leaves are roughly thin and oval with a slight serration on the edge, but are often mutated and are characterized by distinguishing varieties. There is only one main vein, and it protrudes slightly behind. The leaves spiral around the stem, dark green to yellow-green, thin, hard and shiny. Although the spore comes to the upper side of the base of the spore leaf, it appears to stick to the stem as an impression. They usually arrive in the middle of the upper part of the stem, but apparently there is not much difference in the spore leaves, and it does not look like a spike. Leaves near the tip of the stem may be thick, where asexual buds form.

The Huperzia lucidula is an evergreen clubmoss often called shining Clubmoss because of its shiny green leaves. The size of the leaves varies depending on the season, creating areas of shorter and longer leaves that mark annual growth.

Although northern firmoss is very similar to other species of club moss, this plant's stems give it the appearance of multiple tiny conifers, so it looks highly unique. It is listed as vulnerable in some US states due to declining numbers.

Huperzia australiana has decumbent stems with densely tufted, erect branches up to 30 cm long, usually branched 2 or 3 times. The leaves are crowded, appressed to spreading, 5 to 9 mm long, 0.5 to 1.5 mm wide in the middle and tapering to a point. It reproduces vegetatively through the often numerous small bulbils which form along the stem. The sporophylls are similar to the foliage leaves; no strobili are formed; the bright yellow, kidney-shaped sporangia are produced in the upper leaf axils.

Huperzia selago, the northern firmoss or fir clubmoss, is a vascular plant in the family Lycopodiaceae. It has a circumpolar distribution in temperate and boreal regions in both hemispheres.