How to Grow and Care for Firethorns

Scarlet firethorn (*Pyracantha coccinea*) is a semi-evergreen shrub featuring spiky branches that are covered abundantly by clustered white flowers, which contrast attractively with its lustrous, deep green foliage. It also bears vibrant crimson berries which are devoured by birds. From the genus name, *Pyracantha coccinea*, "Pyr" means "fire" in Greek, while "Akantha" means "thorn" in English, which apparently refers to the plant's thorny stems and crimson fruits.

Slender firethorn (Pyracantha angustifolia) is grown ornamentally for its glossy leaves, white flowers, and red berries. Since the plant is covered in sharp spines it is often grown as a security hedge. It has spread widely outside cultivation and is classed as an invasive species in places including Hawaii and Australia.

The evergreen shrub formosa firethorn is threatened by habitat loss. Despite its harsh thorns, birds and butterflies are drawn to this plant because of the beautiful crimson berries it produces. This plant is suitable for espaliers, barriers, and as specimens.

Chinese firethorn (Pyracantha fortuneana) is a perennial, evergreen shrub named for its sharp, needle-like thorns. Native to China, it will grow to 4.5 m tall and 3 m wide. Its limber branches make it a good choice for espalier. Blooms profusely in spring with small, white flowers, followed by orange berries that ripen in fall. Prefers hot climates.

Gibb's firethorn (Pyracantha atalantioides) is a large shrub in the wild but it is also a popular bonsai plant. The full-sized plant is grown ornamentally for its attractive white flowers and abundant crimson berries that give it the name "firethorn." This plant has a dense growth form that makes it a good hedging shrub. It is a great hedge to plant to attract bees, butterflies, or birds.