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Cedar elm > Crown gall
Why Do Cedar elm Trees Suffer From Crown Gall?
Cedar elm, also known as Cedar elm
Crown gall is a plant disease affecting Cedar elm, causing irregular tumorous growths on roots and lower stem areas. This bacterium-driven disease inhibits normal plant growth, reduces vigor, and could eventually lead to plant death due to severe nutrient deprivation.

Symptom Analysis

On Cedar elm, Crown gall triggers formation of warty-like growths, initially small and yielding, eventually enlarging into hard, woody galls. These tumorous outbreaks, primarily on roots and lower stem areas, may deform and weaken the plant.
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What Causes Crown gall Disease on Cedar elm?

Bacterium
The main cause of Crown gall is a bacterium named Agrobacterium tumefaciens - a widespread soil-borne bacterium affecting a wide range of plants.
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How to Treat Crown gall Disease on Cedar elm?

Non pesticide
Cultural control: Removal of infected plant parts can slow the progression, including the disposal of contaminated soil. Avoiding propagation from infected plants is crucial.

Biological control: Introducing the bacterium Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026, which outcompetes A. tumefaciens for resources, can suppress Crown gall.
Pesticide
Chemical control: While chemical treatments are rarely successful post-infection, preventive dips of bare-root plants in antibacterial solutions can deter initial bacterial settlement.

How to Prevent Crown gall on Cedar elm?

Hygiene practices
Sanitize pruning tools between uses. Avoid injuries during cultivation and planting, as open wounds allow easy bacterial ingress.
Site selection
Prefer sites free from past Crown gall problems. The bacterium can survive in soil for years beyond the life of the infected plant.
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When is Crown gall Most Active Period on Cedar elm?

Crown gall is most active during wet seasons and mild temperatures, which favor bacterial spread and infection rates. Wet soil and wounded plant areas (due to pruning or pests) accelerate bacterial activity.

Infectivity

Crown gall is highly infectious, being soil-borne, able to survive in soil for years, and easily spread through the transplantation of infected materials.

Lethality

While not outright fatal, Crown gall can put severe stress on Cedar elm, leading to slow growth, weakness and potentially plant death if the infection is intense.

FAQs on Cedar Elm

Does Crown gall kill Cedar elm?
While Crown gall isn't necessarily fatal, if not controlled, the disease can heavily stress and weaken the plant, potentially leading to plant death over time.
Can Cedar elm recover from a Crown gall infection?
Recovery depends on the severity of the infection. Minor cases can be managed by pruning and removing galls, but severe infestations could require the removal of the entire plant.
Does Crown gall spread to other plants?
Yes, Crown gall is highly infectious and can spread to other plants, especially through the transplantation of infected plant material and soil.
Are the galls caused by Crown gall harmful to humans or animals?
No, the galls produced by Crown gall are not harmful to humans or animals. However, it's critical to manage the disease to maintain Cedar elm's health.
Can chemical pesticides cure Crown gall in Cedar elm?
Chemical treatments are generally ineffective once the plant is infected. Preventing the infection through the use of antibacterial solutions, particularly on bare roots, can be beneficial.
How can one prevent Crown gall in Cedar elm?
Prevention strategies include practicing good hygiene during cultivation, avoiding injury to the plant, and being conscientious about site selection, especially considering the bacterium's ability to survive in soil for years.
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