How to Treat Brown blotch Disease on Maize?

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English

English

繁體中文

日本語

Español

Français

Deutsch

Pусский

Português

Italiano

한국어

Nederlands

العربية

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Polskie

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Bahasa Melayu

Bahasa Indonesia

Symptom Analysis

Initial symptoms include small yellowish spots on the leaves. As the disease progresses, the spots turn brown with a gray center and yellow halo. The corn's ear and stalk may also display lesions.

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What Causes Brown blotch Disease on Maize?

Pathogen

The disease is primarily caused by the fungus Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado) Shoemaker, formerly known as Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechsler).

Environmental conditions

Warm, damp conditions, especially post heavy rains or irrigation, promote fungal spores' growth and spread.

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How to Treat Brown blotch Disease on Maize?

Non pesticide

Crop rotation: Cyclically growing different types of crops in an area helps break the lifecycle of the disease.

Sanitation: Regular removal and destruction of infected plant debris prevents disease spread.

Pesticide

Fungicides: Applying fungicides that contain strobilurin or triazole helps control the disease.

How to Prevent Brown blotch on Maize?

Resistant varieties

Planting disease-resistant Maize varieties prevents initial disease establishment.

Proper irrigation

Avoiding overwatering helps reduce conditions favorable for the fungus growth.

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When is Brown blotch Most Active Period on Maize?

Brown spot is most active during warm, humid conditions, especially in late Spring and early Summer when fungal spores thrive and spread.

Infectivity

Moderately

The disease spreads from spores originating from infected plant debris, but is typically localized.

Lethality

Low

While it can significantly impact the health of Maize, it rarely leads to plant death.

FAQs on Maize

Does Brown spot affect the overall yield of Maize?

Yes, Brown spot can significantly decrease yield by affecting the plant's photosynthesis ability.

Is Brown spot visible on all parts of the Maize?

The disease predominantly affects leaves, but severe cases can cause lesions on Maize's ear and stalk.

Can Brown spot be completely removed from my field?

While complete eradication may be challenging, its impact can be significantly minimized through practices like crop rotation and applying fungicides.

Can Brown spot spread to other crop types?

Brown spot mostly infects Maize. However, the causative fungus Bipolaris maydis has a wide host range.

Is Brown spot active throughout the year?

Brown spot is most active in warm, damp conditions, typically in late Spring and early Summer.

What fungi is responsible for Brown spot in Maize?

The fungus Bipolaris maydis is primarily responsible for causing Brown spot in Maize.

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Other Common Problems About Maize

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Leaf rot is a detrimental disease affecting Maize, causing serious damage to its leaves. The disease, usually perpetrated by various fungi, interferes with photosynthesis, stunting growth, and decreasing yields.

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Caterpillars significantly affect Maize, causing damage leading to reduced output and hampered growth. They consume the foliage, bore into the cobs, and disrupt the plant's photosynthesis process. These insect larvae can greatly impact yield quality if left unchecked.

Rust mold in Maize is a fungal infection causing discoloration, stunted growth, and potential yield reduction. Effective management is critical to minimize economic and agronomic impact.

Leaf Spot is a disease that significantly affects Maize, leading to yield loss. It's caused by a group of fungi that create noticeable brown, gray, or black spots on the plant's leaves. High moisture and moderate temperatures facilitate disease spread.

Leafminer stripe

Leafminer stripe is a significant disease affecting Maize, causing stunted growth and reduced yield. The disease often results in leaf discoloration and poor corn ear development. It's caused by pests, typically prevalent in warmer climates, but can inflict damage throughout the growing season.

Yellow edges is a destructive condition affecting Maize, triggered by nutrient deficiencies, specifically a lack of magnesium, and imbalanced pH. This disease can cause significant yield loss and poor crop quality if left untreated.

Large spot mold

Large spot mold, caused by the fungus Bipolaris maydis, is a disease that affects Maize, causing potential loss of yield. It leads to oblong to circular grayish green lesions on the leaves, signaling severe infection.

Lack of fertilizer

Lack of fertilizer profoundly affects Maize by stunting growth, reducing yields, and causing malnutrition. Caused by insufficient nutrient supply, this non-contagious, low lethality condition can dramatically impact plant health and productivity if left unchecked.

Leaf tip withering

Leaf tip withering is a detrimental disease affecting Maize, resulting in dehydration and impaired photosynthesis. It's primarily caused by inadequate watering and nutrient imbalances. The disease, left untreated, can be lethal and is moderately infectious amongst the same species.

Fruit rot is a severe disease affecting Maize, leading to significant yield loss. Resulting from fungal growth, primarily due to high humidity and rainfall, this condition causes discolouration, wilting, and decay of the fruit. Effective management is crucial to maintain crop health.

Wilting is a disease that severely affects Maize, causing its leaves to droop and discolor. The disease interrupts normal water flow within the plant, thereby inhibiting growth and productivity and may potentially lead to the plant's death if not treated appropriately.

Leaf yellowing in Maize indicates a decline in chlorophyll, affecting photosynthesis and potentially leading to stunted growth and reduced yield.

Crown gall is a bacterial plant disease that causes tumour-like growths mainly on the stem of Maize. It hampers the normal growth and development, thus hugely impacting yield quality and quantity.

Dark spots is a fungal disease affecting Maize causing spots on leaves that can stunt growth and reduce yield. Its cause, symptoms, activity period, and control methods vary, requiring informed prevention and management.

Leaf wilting in Maize significantly affects the plant's vigor, productivity, and overall development, leading to severe yield reductions if untreated. It involves premature sagging and dehydration of leaves due to insufficient water supply or damage.

Dark blotch is a fungal disease affecting Maize often resulting in significant damage to the leaves, affecting photosynthesis, and drastically reducing yield. Caused by Alternaria alternata, it thrives under wet, warm conditions and can quickly spread in dense canopies.

Rust disease, scientifically known as Puccinia coronata causing severe decay, primarily affects Maize. This fungal disease triggers substantial yield loss and quality degradation. It is highly infectious, moderately lethal, and requires both cultural practices and chemical treatments for control and prevention.

Stem rot is a destructive disease affecting Maize cultivation, leading to substantial losses. Characterized by a soft, wet rot of stems, it hampers plant growth and crop productivity. The disease emerges due to fungal pathogens and is favored by moist, humid conditions.

Whole leaf withering

Whole leaf withering is a devastating disease that affects Maize, causing extensive damage and reducing crop yield. The disease is fueled by certain pathogens and environmental factors, manifesting through symptoms like leaf curling and discoloration.

The 'Caterpillar' disease refers to damage from caterpillar infestations on Maize, leading to reduced crop yield and vitality. These pests primarily eat the leaves, affecting the plant's ability to photosynthesize.

Fruit malformation

Fruit malformation is a prominent disease affecting Maize, leading to distorted grain shape and size, possibly reducing yield. It primarily attacks during kernel formation stage, caused by Fusarium spp., weather destroyers, and nutrient imbalance.

Aphids are common pests impacting Maize, causing nutrient loss and stunted growth. These small insects extract sap, weakening Maize and facilitating viral transmissions.

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