How to Treat Crown gall Disease on Maize?

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English

English

繁體中文

日本語

Español

Français

Deutsch

Pусский

Português

Italiano

한국어

Nederlands

العربية

Svenska

Polskie

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Bahasa Melayu

Bahasa Indonesia

Symptom Analysis

Main symptoms on Maize include swelling or gall formation on stem and roots. These galls are initially light in colour and hard, then darken and rot over time, interfering with nutrient and water uptake.

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What Causes Crown gall Disease on Maize?

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

This is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative soil bacterium. When the plant is wounded, the bacterium enters the plant tissue, causing tumour-like growths.

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How to Treat Crown gall Disease on Maize?

Non pesticide

Good Sanitation: Maintain good field and tool sanitation. Avoid wounding plants to reduce the likelihood of bacterial invasion.

Resistant Varieties: Grow varieties that show resistance to crown gall disease.

Pesticide

Use of Bactericides: Apply bactericides to control the bacterial population. Ensure to strictly follow manufacturer's instructions.

How to Prevent Crown gall on Maize?

Regular Monitoring

Regularly inspect the plants for early signs of infection. Immediate action can prevent the spread and severity of infection.

Crop rotation

Employ crop rotation with non-host plants to break the cycle of the bacterium.

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When is Crown gall Most Active Period on Maize?

This disease is most active in warmer seasons. The bacterium favours moist, warm environments, and the wounds from planting or gardening activities provide an entry point.

Infectivity

Highly

The disease is highly infectious as it can spread easily through contaminated tools, soil, water or even by the wind.

Lethality

Moderately

Lethality is moderate. Infected Maize can survive but they typically have reduced fitness and lower yield.

FAQs on Maize

What is the primary cause of Crown gall disease in Maize?

The bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the primary cause of Crown gall disease.

How does Crown gall affect Maize's yield?

The disease inhibits Maize growth, disrupts nutrient and water uptake, leading to stunted growth and reduced yield.

What are the signs that my Maize might have Crown Gall disease?

Key signs include the formation of tumour-like galls on the stem and roots. The galls are initially light and hard, then darken and decay with time.

When is Crown gall disease most active?

Crown gall disease is most active in the warm seasons when the bacterium that causes it thrives the best.

Are there Maize varieties resistant to Crown gall?

Yes, some Maize varieties exhibit resistance to Crown gall disease, reducing the impact of the infection.

Can pesticide control help in curbing Crown gall disease?

Yes, using bactericides helps control the bacteria population. However, it should be coupled with good cultural practices for best results.

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Other Common Problems About Maize

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Brown spot is a fungal disease affecting Maize, leading to yield reduction and quality loss. Its primary cause is the pathogen Bipolaris maydis, and it is most active in warm, damp conditions. Though moderately infectious, it's lethal on a smaller scale.

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Leaf rot is a detrimental disease affecting Maize, causing serious damage to its leaves. The disease, usually perpetrated by various fungi, interferes with photosynthesis, stunting growth, and decreasing yields.

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Caterpillars significantly affect Maize, causing damage leading to reduced output and hampered growth. They consume the foliage, bore into the cobs, and disrupt the plant's photosynthesis process. These insect larvae can greatly impact yield quality if left unchecked.

Rust mold in Maize is a fungal infection causing discoloration, stunted growth, and potential yield reduction. Effective management is critical to minimize economic and agronomic impact.

Leaf Spot is a disease that significantly affects Maize, leading to yield loss. It's caused by a group of fungi that create noticeable brown, gray, or black spots on the plant's leaves. High moisture and moderate temperatures facilitate disease spread.

Leafminer stripe

Leafminer stripe is a significant disease affecting Maize, causing stunted growth and reduced yield. The disease often results in leaf discoloration and poor corn ear development. It's caused by pests, typically prevalent in warmer climates, but can inflict damage throughout the growing season.

Yellow edges is a destructive condition affecting Maize, triggered by nutrient deficiencies, specifically a lack of magnesium, and imbalanced pH. This disease can cause significant yield loss and poor crop quality if left untreated.

Large spot mold

Large spot mold, caused by the fungus Bipolaris maydis, is a disease that affects Maize, causing potential loss of yield. It leads to oblong to circular grayish green lesions on the leaves, signaling severe infection.

Lack of fertilizer

Lack of fertilizer profoundly affects Maize by stunting growth, reducing yields, and causing malnutrition. Caused by insufficient nutrient supply, this non-contagious, low lethality condition can dramatically impact plant health and productivity if left unchecked.

Leaf tip withering

Leaf tip withering is a detrimental disease affecting Maize, resulting in dehydration and impaired photosynthesis. It's primarily caused by inadequate watering and nutrient imbalances. The disease, left untreated, can be lethal and is moderately infectious amongst the same species.

Fruit rot is a severe disease affecting Maize, leading to significant yield loss. Resulting from fungal growth, primarily due to high humidity and rainfall, this condition causes discolouration, wilting, and decay of the fruit. Effective management is crucial to maintain crop health.

Wilting is a disease that severely affects Maize, causing its leaves to droop and discolor. The disease interrupts normal water flow within the plant, thereby inhibiting growth and productivity and may potentially lead to the plant's death if not treated appropriately.

Leaf yellowing in Maize indicates a decline in chlorophyll, affecting photosynthesis and potentially leading to stunted growth and reduced yield.

Dark spots is a fungal disease affecting Maize causing spots on leaves that can stunt growth and reduce yield. Its cause, symptoms, activity period, and control methods vary, requiring informed prevention and management.

Leaf wilting in Maize significantly affects the plant's vigor, productivity, and overall development, leading to severe yield reductions if untreated. It involves premature sagging and dehydration of leaves due to insufficient water supply or damage.

Dark blotch is a fungal disease affecting Maize often resulting in significant damage to the leaves, affecting photosynthesis, and drastically reducing yield. Caused by Alternaria alternata, it thrives under wet, warm conditions and can quickly spread in dense canopies.

Rust disease, scientifically known as Puccinia coronata causing severe decay, primarily affects Maize. This fungal disease triggers substantial yield loss and quality degradation. It is highly infectious, moderately lethal, and requires both cultural practices and chemical treatments for control and prevention.

Stem rot is a destructive disease affecting Maize cultivation, leading to substantial losses. Characterized by a soft, wet rot of stems, it hampers plant growth and crop productivity. The disease emerges due to fungal pathogens and is favored by moist, humid conditions.

Whole leaf withering

Whole leaf withering is a devastating disease that affects Maize, causing extensive damage and reducing crop yield. The disease is fueled by certain pathogens and environmental factors, manifesting through symptoms like leaf curling and discoloration.

The 'Caterpillar' disease refers to damage from caterpillar infestations on Maize, leading to reduced crop yield and vitality. These pests primarily eat the leaves, affecting the plant's ability to photosynthesize.

Fruit malformation

Fruit malformation is a prominent disease affecting Maize, leading to distorted grain shape and size, possibly reducing yield. It primarily attacks during kernel formation stage, caused by Fusarium spp., weather destroyers, and nutrient imbalance.

Aphids are common pests impacting Maize, causing nutrient loss and stunted growth. These small insects extract sap, weakening Maize and facilitating viral transmissions.

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