Common fig leaves are 5-10 inches (12-25 cm) long and 4-7 inches (10-18 cm) across, deeply lobed with three to five segments. The upper surface is green, rough, and covered with hairs, while the underside is paler and smooth. These fragrant, alternate leaves have stipules measuring 1-1.2 cm, petioles 2-5 cm in length, and a broadly ovate, deeply lobed blade with irregularly toothed margins. The texture is thickly papery with soft hair underneath, facilitating easy identification.

The flowers of common fig bloom inside a hollow receptacle known as the syconium, which forms near the end of branches in leaf axils. These flowers are small, green, and inconspicuous, typically blooming in the spring. They range in size from about 0.1 to 0.2 inches (2.5 to 5 mm). Pollination varies; commercially cultivated figs often do not require it, while wild figs rely on wasp pollination. The floral arrangement is hidden within the fig, making them less noticeable.

The stem of common fig is typically grayish-brown and moderately thick, ranging from 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) in diameter. It presents a rough, slightly scaly texture and often exhibits knobby nodes. The stems are characterized by their propensity to produce numerous suckers, resulting in a dense and bushy branching pattern. This plant's stems also display a significant level of flexibility, allowing for easy bending without breaking. These features are integral for identifying common fig.

The fruit of common fig is a uniquely structured syconium, ripening in late summer or early fall, and on occasion, in spring. Measuring approximately 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) in length and up to 2 inches (5 cm) in diameter, it takes on a plump, typically pear-shaped form. Each fruit is solitary and develops axillary on leafy shoots. Maturation brings about a color transformation to either purplish-red or yellow, depending on the cultivar. Remarkably, these fruits can form without the necessity for pollination, resulting in fruit known as anjeer.