The leaves of docks form a basal rosette at the root, differing significantly from those near the flowers. Basal leaves are broad, lance-shaped, and can reach up to 12 inches (30 cm) long. They typically display a deep green color with a smooth, sometimes undulating, texture. Veins are prominent and minor leaf veins are present, creating a distinct venation pattern. Stipules may or may not be present. Leaves near flowers are smaller and narrower, with similar color and vein characteristics.

The flowers of docks are small, displaying hues of red or green. These delicate blossoms are arranged in terminal clusters branching out from the main stem. Each cluster is borne above the foliage, providing a striking visual contrast. The flowers are typically found in dense clusters, enhancing their visual appeal. They bloom prominently in late spring and early summer, measuring about 0.1-0.2 inches (2-5 mm) in size. These floral clusters are ideal landmarks for identifying docks in various habitats.

Docks has a stem that can be erect, ascending, or prostrate, showcasing versatility in its growth habit. The surface is generally glabrous, which means smooth, but can also be papillose-pubescent, indicating a presence of tiny, wart-like hairs. The color typically ranges from green to reddish hues depending on the maturity and environmental conditions. Stems are moderately thick, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 inches (2 to 12 mm) in diameter. Branching is often minimal, giving the stem a relatively straightforward appearance.

The fruit of docks is a distinctive reddish brown, taking on a three-angled, somewhat triangular achene form. Each side can measure up to a few millimeters across. Unique to this fruit is the presence of round tubercles; these are bump-like structures that can be found on one or all three sides of the achene. This textural feature is noteworthy, often easily felt when handling the fruit. While small in size, these key characteristics greatly assist in identifying docks's fruit among various plant species.