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Top 20 Most Common Plants in Mongolia

In Mongolia, you can find Prairie sagewort, Common dandelion, Chee grass, Crested wheatgrass, Orostachys spinosa, and more! There are 20 types of plants in total. Be sure to look out for these common plants when you’re walking on the streets, in parks, or public gardens.

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Most Common Plants
Prairie sagewort
1. Prairie sagewort
Prairie sagewort (Artemisia frigida) is an evergreen shrub that blooms in summer with clusters of tiny, fragrant flowers, but its pollen is known to cause allergic reactions such as hay fever. Prairie sagewort is good at stabilizing the soil against erosion. It is also an important food source for jackrabbits and grouse throughout the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains.
Common dandelion
2. Common dandelion
*Taraxacum officinale*, widely known as common dandelion, is a herbaceous perennial that can be found in temperate regions all over the world, in habitats with moist soils. The most popular feature of this plant is its fruits, furry spheres that are easily carried by the wind. Although it is generally considered a weed, common dandelion is actually edible and very nutritious.
Chee grass
3. Chee grass
Chee grass (Stipa splendens) grows in large domed clumps and is topped in summer by long stems of feathery pannicles. It looks great and is often grown ornamentally. A further appeal to this grass is that in fall it turns an attractive shade of gold. To get the most from chee grass keep it in a relatively sheltered spot to protect the panicles from the wind.
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Crested wheatgrass
4. Crested wheatgrass
Native to the Russian and Siberian steppes, Agropyron cristatum was introduced in North America at the beginning of the 20th century, where it became a widespread grass and problematic weed. Crested wheatgrass is a tough, cool-season grass. It tolerates drought and frost, as well as grazing and fire.
Orostachys spinosa
5. Orostachys spinosa
Orostachys spinosa is characterized by its compact, rosette-forming succulent leaves that converge into a spiked appearance, reflecting its survival strategy in rocky, arid environments. As a hardy perennial, it is equipped to endure harsh conditions by storing water and minimizing evaporation. Its dull green to grayish coloration also serves as a camouflage among the stones. In late summer, orostachys spinosa produces small, star-shaped flowers poised on an erect stem, contributing to its distinctive allure.
White-flowered iris
6. White-flowered iris
The white-flowered iris is native to Central Asia and is grown as an ornamental plant in temperate climates. The Taliban have prohibited cultivating this perennial plant in Afghanistan. In China, the milky pale blue or violet flowers and seeds are used to make medicine.
Leymus chinensis
7. Leymus chinensis
Leymus chinensis (Leymus chinensis) are native to Asia, Europe, and the Americas and can be found in scrub and oak woodlands, grasslands, and more. These drought-resistant plants are clump-forming, have silver-blue foliage, and are a great plant for the garden as well as for restoration projects and soil stabilization.
Great burnet
8. Great burnet
Great burnet, a perennial herb endemic to the Northern Hemisphere's cooler latitudes, is a vital feeding plant for European large blue butterflies. It is a lovely ornamental plant that works well in herb and meadow gardens. Young leaves are harvested for eating.
Iceland poppy
9. Iceland poppy
The iceland poppy (Papaver nudicaule) is a plant species that's sometimes cultivated as an ornamental species. When cultivating, the seeds should be planted in autumn and allowed to germinate in the presence of light. This species grows best in direct sunlight.
Prairie junegrass
10. Prairie junegrass
The grass known as prairie junegrass (Koeleria macrantha) is found in North America and Eurasia, and its most common habitat is the prairie. It prefers cooler seasons, like early spring and fall. It's widely used as a low-maintenance lawn and turfgrass, particularly for golf course roughs.
Sibbaldianthe bifurca
11. Sibbaldianthe bifurca
The species is 5 to 20 cm tall and have 3–8 pairs of leaflets which are elliptic, obovate, sessile, and are 5 to 15 mm by 5 to 8 mm. The leaves are 3 to 8 cm long with membranous and brown coloured stipules. Flowers are as tall as 7 to 15 mm while the sepals are ovate and the apex is acute.
Wheat
12. Wheat
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a grass species that is commercially grown for cereal grain. Approximately 95% of all wheat grown in the world is this species, Triticum aestivum. It has proved well adapted to modern industrial baking, and has replaced many of the other wheat, barley, and rye species.
Needleleaf sedge
13. Needleleaf sedge
Needleleaf sedge (Carex duriuscula) is a grass-like perennial that is native to central and eastern North America. It grows best in dry, sandy soil and with full sun. Carex duriuscula is a relatively small species of sedge and only grows up to 20 cm
Heteropappus altaicus
14. Heteropappus altaicus
Heteropappus altaicus is a self-supporting perennial herb native to the Himalayas, China, and Mongolia. The flowers are lilac to lavender with golden centers that bloom in late summer and fall. The specific epithet refers to this plant’s origin in the Altai Mountains.
Meadow crane's-bill
15. Meadow crane's-bill
One of the tallest cranesbills, the meadow crane's-bill is an herbaceous plant native to Europe and Asia. This plant with saucer-shaped pink, purple, and blue flowers is utilized in borders and rock or cottage gardens. Bees and other pollinators benefit from this plant's pollen and nectar.
Lambsquarters
16. Lambsquarters
Lambsquarters has many other names, including pigweed, goosefoot, and bacon weed. This plant seems to appear out of nowhere and is considered by many to be a pesky weed. However, the greens of this plant are edible, can be prepared similar to spinach, and are packed with nutrients.
Lupine clover
17. Lupine clover
Lupine clover (Trifolium lupinaster) is a perennial wildflower with a climbing nature. You can recognize it by its purple flower heads which bloom in summer and fall and are pollinated by insects. This plant grows in lowland forests and hillsides.
Chinese pink
18. Chinese pink
Chinese pink (Dianthus chinensis) is a perennial flowering herb native to China, Russia, and Mongolia. In the wild, chinese pink grows in dense woodlands and forests. In cultivation, it is a common ornamental plant grow in hanging baskets and planters.
Prickly rose
19. Prickly rose
This species of wild rose, prickly rose, is common in North America, Asia, and Europe. Prickly rose grows pretty pink flowers. It is drought-tolerant and will grow in part shade and various soil types.
Alfalfa
20. Alfalfa
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family of Fabaceae. The common name alfalfa is mainly used in North America. In the rest of the world, this crop is called "lucerne." This plant looks similar to clover due to its purple flowers.
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More Plants in Mongolia

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Most Common Toxic Plants

Mongolia's extreme continental climate, characterized by harsh winters and arid conditions, can still support a variety of vegetation, including toxic plants. Factors such as long daylight hours in summer and nutrient-rich soils in certain areas contribute to the proliferation of harmful flora. Among these, , , and are found, posing potential risks to humans and livestock. The prevalence of toxic plants in Mongolia underscores the importance of understanding and managing these species to prevent poisoning incidents.

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Most Common Flowers

Mongolia's climate and soil conditions create a harmonious environment for a variety of native flowers to bloom resplendently. Three characteristic blossoms include , , and . These flowers not only contribute to the visual beauty of the region but also hold symbolic and ecological importance. This concise summary ensures precision and relies on trustworthy sources to highlight the unique floral diversity found in Mongolia.

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Most Common Flowers of Spring

As Mongolia thaws from its frigid winters, Spring breathes life into the steppes, cueing an array of flowers to awaken. Among them, , with its hardy vibrancy, heralds the season's start, while the symbolic blankets the meadows in a celebration of renewal. Not to be outshone, punctuates the landscape, underpinning the importance of Spring's bloom to the local ecosystem and culture.

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Most Common Spring Fruits

With the thawing steppes awakening beneath an azure canopy, Spring in Mongolia cradles the bloom of new life, where the harsh winter gives way to nurturing sunlight and gentle breezes. This season heralds the harvest of , , and , each bursting with freshness and marking a time of vitality and renewal in local diets. These fruits are not just flavorful delights but culturally significant harbingers of abundance in the Mongolian landscape.

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Most Common Fruits

Mongolia's extreme continental climate and fertile steppe soils foster the growth of hardy local fruit plants. Notably, , , and thrive in these conditions, integral to the Mongolian diet and cultural heritage. Their resilience to low temperatures and adaptability to nutrient-rich soils highlight nature's ingenuity in this landlocked nation. These plants are more than food sources; they're symbolic of Mongolian agricultural tenacity.

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Most Common Trees

Mongolia's harsh continental climate and diverse soils offer ideal conditions for the growth of unique native trees. Three emblematic trees in this region include , , and . These trees hold great significance in Mongolian culture and ecology. They provide shelter for wildlife, prevent soil erosion, and contribute to the country's traditional practices like nomadic herding. Additionally, they contribute to the overall biodiversity and resilience of Mongolia's ecosystems, highlighting the importance of preserving these native trees.

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Most Common Weeds

Mongolia's harsh climatic conditions, with cold winters and brief summers, are nonetheless hospitable to certain hardy garden weeds. These weeds, such as , , and , often outcompete local flora, posing a challenge for gardeners and landscapers seeking to maintain native biodiversity. Their prevalence is a testament to their adaptability, thriving in Mongolia's variable temperatures and soil types, and requiring consistent efforts for effective management.

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Most Common Tall Trees

In Mongolia, a land of extreme continental climate with scorching summers and frigid winters, few tree species ascend to impressive heights given its largely steppe and semi-desert terrains. Nevertheless, some species such as , , and manage to soar skywards, etching themselves into the landscape. These arboreal giants hold ecological and historical significance, standing as natural monuments that have weathered the harsh Mongolian elements over time.

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Most Common Flowers of Winter

In the serene cold of Winter in Mongolia, amidst the frosty environment, , , and brave the chill to bloom. These resilient flowers not only withstand the harsh conditions but also showcase their beauty and symbolic depth. It is a testament to nature's ability to thrive even in the most extreme weather.

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