Gray alder (Alnus incana)

Gray alder

Also known as: Hoary-leaved alder, White alder, Tag alder, European white alder

Gray alder is a deciduous, perennial tree that produces fruiting cones with winged seeds. These cones are pollinated, and the seeds are dispersed by the wind. This tree is valuable to the environment as its root nodules contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which improves and restores the quality of the soil. It is a fast-growing shrub-like tree with a relatively short lifespan.

Scientific classification

Species

Gray alder (Alnus incana)

Beeches, walnuts, and allied trees

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree

Plant Type

Green

Leaf Color

4.5 cm to 9 cm

Flower Size

Brown

Fruit Color

Yellow, Brown, Green

Flower Color

Brown, Green, Yellow

Stem Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Deciduous

Leaf type

5 - 32 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Spring, Summer

Growth Season

Rapid

Growth Rate

Images of Gray alder

Attributes of Gray alder

Growth Rate

The Gray Alder (Alnus incana) exhibits a rapid growth rate, particularly during Spring and Summer. This swift development results in dense leaf production, rapid height increment, and profuse flowering. Intriguingly, this speed not only supports survival in harsh environments but also makes the Gray Alder a quick colonizer in its natural habitats. The energetic Spring-Summer period often sees notable transformations in the plant's size and form, a testament to its vigorous growth energy.

Distribution of Gray alder

Distribution Map

Gray alder is a plant native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, thriving in cool climates across major regions of North America and Eurasia. Its range extends beyond its natural habitats as it has been introduced and cultivated in various other temperate regions, highlighting its adaptability and cultivation status in new environments.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Mountains

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

Due to its preference for wet habitats, gray alder does exceptionally well when planted at pond margins or along streams. However, it is not limited to moist habitats and can thrive in regular informal, cottage, and coastal gardens. Because it is attractive to birds, wildlife gardens can also benefit from gray alder's presence.

Symbolism

Strength, protection, determination, confidence

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Care Guide for Gray alder

Every 3 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

5 - 32 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Water: Gray alder prefers moist environments and can withstand wet conditions, typically found along riverbanks. Watering should occur every three weeks for optimal hydration. As a riparian species, it's ideal for outdoor planting, contributing to soil stabilization and water filtration in streamside areas.

Fertilize: Gray alder thrives with balanced fertilizers in spring and high-nitrogen formulas during early growth. Fertilize twice yearly, adjusting for age and dormancy. Proper application minimizes the risk of root damage, promotes growth, and requires monitoring for nutrient deficiencies, adhering to specific product guidelines.

Pruning: Gray alder is a deciduous shrub or tree with smooth, gray bark and catkins. Prune in early spring, removing dead wood and crowded branches to promote growth, enhance air circulation, and maintain shape. Regular pruning encourages denser foliage and improves overall aesthetic appeal.

Propagation: Gray alder propagates via hardwood cuttings, layering, and sowing seeds, best done in autumn and winter. Propagation success is indicated by new growth and root formation. Utilize rooting hormone and maintain moist soil for optimal results.

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Images of Gray alder

Attributes of Gray alder

Distribution of Gray alder

Culture

Care Guide for Gray alder

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