Slimleaf bur ragweed is native to parts of South America, where its presence encompasses several major regions. Over time, slimleaf bur ragweed has spread to various territories across multiple continents including Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, as well as having a recognized presence in New Zealand. While in certain areas, slimleaf bur ragweed may be sometimes thought to be naturalized, in others, particularly a region in South America, it is considered invasive and may have an impact on local ecosystems.