Northern bayberry (Morella pensylvanica)

Northern bayberry

Also known as: Candleberry, Candlewood, Small waxberry, Waxberry, Tallowtree

Northern bayberry is a small deciduous shrub native to America and is an important host plant to the larvae of the Columbia Silkmoth (Hyalophora columbia). The sweet-smelling wax extracted from the round gray fruits was used by American Colonists in the past to make bayberry candles. Its naturally high salt tolerance makes it a good addition to seaside landscapes.

Scientific classification

Species

Northern bayberry (Morella pensylvanica)

Beeches, walnuts, and allied trees

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Perennial

Lifespan

Shrub

Plant Type

Summer, Fall

Bloom Time

Winter, Spring

Harvest Time

Purple, Blue

Fruit Color

Yellow, Green, Orange

Flower Color

Red, White, Brown

Stem Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Semi-evergreen, Deciduous

Leaf type

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Spring

Growth Season

Images of Northern bayberry

Attributes of Northern bayberry

Growth Rate

Northern bayberry exhibits a slow growth rate in spring, marked by gradual foliage expansion, a leisurely increase in its stature, and relatively sparse budding. Low-rapid growth allows for robust cell development, enhancing its overall resilience and survival. Seasonal variations may manifest depending on environmental conditions.

Distribution of Northern bayberry

Distribution Map

Northern bayberry, a plant native to the eastern parts of North America, has spread beyond its original territory. It can now be found in northern and western Europe, where it is specifically established in countries with temperate climates. This species has been successfully cultivated in regions outside its natural range, thereby extending its presence abroad.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Coastal dunes, pine barrens, pine-oak forests, old fields, bogs, edges of streams, ponds, swamps

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

Grown in gardens for its visually interesting and fragrant foliage, its adaptability to a variety of conditions, and its toughness, the northern bayberry bush is most commonly used in hedging or as a privacy screen. It is also sometimes used as a windbreak.

Symbolism

Symbolizes illusions and appearances. It is used for visions and divining.

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Care Guide for Northern bayberry

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Originating from variable moisture environments, northern bayberry is moderately drought-tolerant and thrives when soil dries slightly between waterings, typically every 1-2 weeks. As an outdoor plant in temperate regions, mulching helps retain moisture and protects its roots during the growing season.

Fertilize: For northern bayberry, use a balanced or high-nitrogen fertilizer in early spring to enhance growth. Follow package instructions, adjusting frequency based on growth stages. Avoid over-fertilization to prevent root burn. Water soil before and after to aid nutrient absorption and reduce stress.

Pruning: Northern bayberry has dense, aromatic foliage and wildlife-attracting berries. Prune in early spring, removing dead or crowded branches for air circulation. Rejuvenation pruning every 2-3 years supports growth. Ensure clean cuts at 45 degrees to maintain size, encourage berries, and enhance ornamental appeal.

Propagation: Propagation of northern bayberry is most effective in Autumn and Winter using cutting and layering methods. While moderately challenging, success is shown by new growth. Optimal environmental conditions and patience are crucial for achieving favorable results.

Repotting: Repot northern bayberry in early spring, every 2-3 years. Choose a larger container for root growth. Use well-draining soil and maintain regular watering post-repotting. Occasional pruning promotes health and vigour in its dense foliage.

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Images of Northern bayberry

Attributes of Northern bayberry

Distribution of Northern bayberry

Culture

Care Guide for Northern bayberry

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