Nun's-hood orchid's presence spans across several continents, primarily native to tropical parts of Asia and Oceania. While nun's-hood orchid is also cultivated for its ornamental value, it has established itself in other regions, becoming a part of the local flora. In certain areas, nun's-hood orchid is sometimes thought to be an unwelcome guest that may have an impact on ecosystems, although such cases are not widespread. Nonetheless, its adaptability allows it to thrive in a variety of habitats outside its native range.

On the Hawaiian Islands within the noncontiguous United States, nun's-hood orchid is considered an invasive threat. It is also considered by some to be invasive in Jamaica. This species' invasive potential is high because it reproduces vegetatively, meaning it can engage in asexual reproduction. It can also survive and tolerate shady growth conditions. Its seeds can be dispersed by animals and people. In Hawaii it is thought to have escaped ornamental cultivation before becoming invasive. This species is still planted ornamentally in some countries. When planting nun's-hood orchid, care should be taken to assure it does not escape its planted area.