Black spruce (Picea mariana)

Black spruce

Also known as: Swamp spruce

Other names for black spruce (Picea mariana) include bog spruce, shortleaf black spruce, and swamp spruce. And just like you’d guess from the name, it loves soggy habitats. It also happens to be the provincial tree of Newfoundland.

Scientific classification

Species

Black spruce (Picea mariana)

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree

Plant Type

Spring

Bloom Time

9 m to 15 m

Plant Height

1.8 m to 3.5 m

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

2.5 cm

Flower Size

0 - 25 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Slow

Growth Rate

Images of Black spruce

Attributes of Black spruce

Growth Rate

The growth speed of black spruce is slow, primarily observed over the summer season, subtly altering its features. Summer performs as the crucial phase for black spruce's height increment and foliage enhancement, driven by the prolonged daylight. While its marginal growth contributes to the species' resilience against harsh environments, it can extend its maturity cycle. Notably, black spruce exhibits a slower growth rate compared to other spruces, a remarkable fact in horticulture.

Distribution of Black spruce

Distribution Map

Black spruce is a coniferous tree naturally occurring in the boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Beyond its native expanse, black spruce has been introduced to and cultivated in the temperate regions of Northwestern Europe. This species thrives primarily in cold, subarctic climates but is adaptable to a variety of cooler environments within its introduced range.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Peat bogs, floodplains, swamps

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Symbolism

It is a versatile tree that is a fast grower and proves dominant within its territory.

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Cultivars

There are several recognized cultivars of Black spruce, including the following common varieties :

Black spruce 'Nana'

Quickly Identify Black spruce

Slender, conical growth habit resembling a spire.

Dull bluish-green needles, 4-sided, with faint white lines.

Purplish-brown, glossy cones measuring 1.5-2.5 inches (4-6 cm).

Inconspicuous reddish-purple pollen cones, cylindrical, 0.2-0.4 inches (5-10 mm).

Female seed cones initially purplish, turning brown, 0.6-1.6 inches (1.5-4 cm) long.

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Care Guide for Black spruce

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

0 - 25 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Black spruce flourishes in cooler, boggy climates, requiring moderate moisture and consistent humidity. Optimal watering occurs every 1-2 weeks, as it tolerates brief dry spells. Primarily found outdoors, black spruce withstands seasonal water variations typical of its native boreal forests.

Fertilize: To ensure black spruce thrives, apply balanced nutrition fertilizers biannually in spring and fall using a slow-release formula. Young black spruce requires more frequent feedings. Avoid over-fertilization, and always water thoroughly after application to enhance nutrient absorption and protect roots. Adjust care seasonally for optimal health.

Pruning: Black spruce has a tall, narrow, conical shape and requires minimal pruning, best done in early to late winter. Remove dead or damaged branches to promote health, while preserving its natural shape. Use clean tools for pruning to enhance sunlight and air circulation, reducing pests and diseases.

Propagation: Black spruce is a hardy conifer suited for cooler climates, known for its dense foliage and conical shape. Propagate by sowing fresh seeds in a well-draining mix; ensure a cool, moist environment. Sow seeds shallowly for light exposure, keeping consistent moisture to foster germination in weeks to months.

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