Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis)

Oriental spruce

It is a large coniferous evergreen tree growing to 30 to 45 m tall or 30 to 44 m (exceptionally to 57 m), and with a trunk diameter of up to 1.5 m (exceptionally up to 4 m). The Caucasian Spruce can also be found in Northern Iran, though its numbers have decreased due to deforestation.

Scientific classification

Species

Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis)

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree

Plant Type

Spring

Bloom Time

15 m to 18 m

Plant Height

4.5 m to 8 m

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

Purple, Red, Brown, Copper, Burgundy, Lavender

Fruit Color

0 - 25 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Spring

Growth Season

Slow

Growth Rate

Images of Oriental spruce

Distribution of Oriental spruce

Distribution Map

Oriental spruce is a conifer native to the eastern part of the Mediterranean basin, in regions marked by their mountainous terrains. It is cultivated beyond its native areas and introduced across western and central parts of the European continent, as well as in the Transcaucasus region. Its presence is noted in both horticultural landscapes and botanical collections.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Cultivars

There are several recognized cultivars of Oriental spruce, including the following common varieties :

Oriental spruce 'Aurea'

Quickly Identify Oriental spruce

Conical tree shape with tiered branches reaching the ground.

Needles are short, dark green to black, 0.4-0.6 inches long.

Fruit is conical, initially reddish-purple, then turning brown.

Bark starts smooth, later cracking into rounded plates.

Leaves have 4-sided needles with fine longitudinal lines.

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Care Guide for Oriental spruce

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

0 - 25 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Originating from mountainous regions, oriental spruce prefers moderate moisture and can tolerate brief dryness. It thrives with consistent, but not waterlogged, moisture. Watering every 1-2 weeks is recommended, allowing soil to partially dry. As an evergreen, oriental spruce requires careful watering during the growing season for year-round foliage.

Fertilize: For optimal growth, fertilize oriental spruce with balanced fertilizers in early spring and every three months during the growing season. Adjust amounts in autumn for dormancy, use slow-release types, and water before and after to prevent root burn. Always wear gloves and wash hands post-application.

Pruning: Oriental spruce thrives with early to late winter pruning while dormant, focusing on dead branches and overcrowding for better air circulation and sunlight. Minimal pruning maintains its shape, and clean, sharp tools ensure precise cuts, promoting healthier growth and minimizing sap loss.

Propagation: Oriental spruce can be propagated by sowing fresh seeds in well-drained soil. Maintain moisture and cool temperatures for germination. Established plants prefer sun to partial shade and should be watered regularly to thrive in various settings.

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