Evergreen oak - Quercus ilex (Care, Characteristics, Symbolism, Images)

Evergreen oak

Also known as: Holm oak

Evergreen oak (Quercus ilex) is a plant species native to the Mediterranean region. The name "holly" originates from holm, its ancient name. This species is often planted in parks. In ancient times, evergreen oak was used to construct pillars, tools, and wagons. This species is one of three species used to establish truffle orchards. The oldest member of this species is estimated to be 1,200 years old and grows in Spain.

Scientific classification

Species

Evergreen oak (Quercus ilex)

Beeches, walnuts, and allied trees

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree

Plant Type

Spring, Late winter

Bloom Time

Fall

Harvest Time

12 m to 21 m

Plant Height

12 m to 21 m

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

2.5 cm

Flower Size

Brown, Green

Fruit Color

Yellow, Green

Flower Color

Green

Stem Color

Evergreen

Leaf type

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Images of Evergreen oak

Distribution of Evergreen oak

Distribution Map

Evergreen oak is indigenous to the Mediterranean region, thriving in its subtropical climate. Its range extends from southern Europe to certain regions of western Asia. Beyond its native habitat, evergreen oak has been introduced and is now cultivated in parts of Oceania and select areas within temperate zones of both eastern and western hemispheres.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

Evergreen oak is both easy to grow and lovely to look at. You can plant it in informal woodland gardens or seaside coastal gardens in warmer locations. This decorative evergreen, with its spreading branches, makes a wonderful shade tree or sturdy hedge tree. Even without showy flowers, the vibrant evergreen foliage gives this tree ornamental value year-round.

Symbolism

Liberty, Manliness

Interesting Facts

A long-living tree, there are specimens of Quercus ilex that have lived over a thousand years. The Encina Tres Patas de Mendaza has lived to be 1,200 years old and is reported to be the oldest evergreen oak in Spain. Other specimens are said to range from 500 to 1000 years of age.

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Toxicity

Evergreen oak contains ricin, making all parts toxic if ingested by humans, dogs, or cats. Symptoms of poisoning include abdominal pain, vomiting, and more severe effects on the nervous system. It is crucial to prevent contact and ingestion, especially for pets, and seek immediate veterinary care if poisoning is suspected to ensure the best outcome. All plant parts are harmful.

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Care Guide for Evergreen oak

Every 2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Evergreen oak adapts well to Mediterranean climates, exhibiting drought tolerance and thriving in dry summers and moist winters. It needs watering biweekly and is best grown outdoors. Mulching is recommended to retain moisture during hot periods, preventing excessive evaporation.

Fertilize: For evergreen oak, use balanced fertilizers, shifting to high nitrogen in early spring for growth. Fertilize every 2-3 months, following packaging guidelines to avoid root damage. Adjust fertilization seasonally, minimizing in winter. Water before and after to improve nutrient absorption and prevent root burn.

Pruning: Evergreen oak thrives with selective pruning in early to late winter during dormancy to remove dead or overcrowded branches. This practice enhances air circulation, light penetration, and aesthetic appeal while reducing disease risk. Regular pruning promotes healthy growth, ensuring a robust and attractive specimen.

Propagation: Evergreen oak is a resilient evergreen tree that thrives in well-draining, fertile soil. Propagation via local acorns is ideal for ensuring adaptability. Consistent moisture and protection from harsh conditions are vital for successful germination and early growth, promoting a robust tree.

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Images of Evergreen oak

Distribution of Evergreen oak

Culture

Toxicity

Care Guide for Evergreen oak

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