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Raspberry
Rubus swinhoei
Raspberry is a robust, woody shrub with sprawling, thorny canes that climb and intertwine. Its leaves, a deep green with a softer underside, often show a trifoliate pattern, catching dew in the early mornings. Delicate white to pale pink flowers bloom, paving the way for succulent, multi-segmented berries that thrive in the dappled shade of its native woodland edges.
Hardiness Zones
6 to 8
Care Guide for Raspberry
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Raspberry
Water
Twice per week
Sunlight
Full sun
Hardiness Zones
6 to 8
Key Facts About Raspberry
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Attributes of Raspberry
Lifespan
Perennial
Plant Type
Shrub
Plant Height
1 m to 4 m
Leaf Color
Green
Flower Size
1 cm to 1.5 cm
Flower Color
White
Leaf type
Deciduous
Ideal Temperature
10 - 32 ℃
Scientific Classification of Raspberry
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Common Pests & Diseases About Raspberry
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Common issues for Raspberry based on 10 million real cases
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Dodder
Dodder is a parasitic plant that severely affects Raspberry, leading to reduced growth and potential death. It attaches to the host's stems, extracting nutrients, which debilitates the host plant.
Leaf beetles
Leaf beetles are a class of colored insects 1 to 2 cm in size. They gnaw on leaves and petals resulting in small, round holes scattered over the surface.
Solutions: For less serious cases: Remove beetles, nymphs, and eggs. Remove all life stages of the beetles and kill them by placing them in a bucket of warm, soapy water. This can be done more easily by placing the bucket under affected leaves and shaking the plant. This method is most effective in the afternoon when leaf beetles are more active. Always dispose of insects in a sealed bag or container to avoid escape and spread. To treat more serious infestations: Apply organic insecticides. Use naturally-derived insecticides before moving on to synthetic insecticides. Neem oil and pyrethrum are naturally-derived insecticides that should be applied following label instructions. Apply synthetic insecticides. Examples of insecticides effective for leaf beetles include carbaryl, permethrin, and bifenthrin. Apply insecticides according to label instructions.
Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Solutions: In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary. Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Caterpillars
Caterpillars are fleshy moth or butterfly larvae that come in an array of colors, patterns, and even hairstyles. They chew on leaves and flower petals, creating large, irregular holes.
Solutions: Even though caterpillars are diverse, they all chew on plant parts and can cause significant damage if present in large numbers. For severe cases: Apply insecticide. For an organic solution, spray plants with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which specifically affects the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Be sure to coat plants, since caterpillars need to ingest Bt for it to be effective. This will not harm other insects. Spray a chili extract. Chili seeds can be cooked in water to make a spicy spray that caterpillars don't like. Spray this mixture on the plants, but be aware it will also be spicy to humans. Introduce beneficial insects. Release beneficial insects to the garden that eat caterpillars, such as parasitic wasps. For less severe cases: Hand pick. Using gloves, pick off caterpillars on plants and dispose of them in a bucket of soapy water. Dust plants with diatomaceous earth. This powder is harmless to humans but irritates caterpillars. Therefore, it will make it difficult for caterpillars to move and eat.
Dodder
Overview
Symptom
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Active Period
What is Dodder Disease on Raspberry?
Dodder is a parasitic plant that severely affects Raspberry, leading to reduced growth and potential death. It attaches to the host's stems, extracting nutrients, which debilitates the host plant.
Symptom Analysis
On Raspberry, Dodder appears as yellow or orange, thread-like strands entwining stems. Infected areas often display stunted growth, wilting, and dieback. Leaves beneath the infection may yellow and drop prematurely.
What Causes Dodder Disease on Raspberry?
Parasite
Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) is a parasitic plant that lacks chlorophyll and relies on connecting to the vascular system of host plants like Raspberry to survive.
How to Treat Dodder Disease on Raspberry?
Non pesticide
Physical removal: Manually remove Dodder tendrils and infected parts of Raspberry as soon as they are noticed to prevent further spread.
Sanitize equipment: Clean tools after working with infected plants to prevent spreading Dodder seeds or fragments to healthy areas.
Pesticide
Herbicide application: Apply selective pre-emergent herbicides designed to target Dodder while minimizing damage to Raspberry.
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Leaf beetles
Leaf beetles are a class of colored insects 1 to 2 cm in size. They gnaw on leaves and petals resulting in small, round holes scattered over the surface.
Overview
Leaf beetles range in size from 1.5 mm to 2 cm. Both adult beetles and their larvae eat the leaves of many different types of plants. There are over 35,000 different species of leaf beetles, in a variety of colors including gold, green, yellow-striped, and red striped. Some of these have been mistaken for ladybirds because of their shape and coloring. They can be oval, round, or elongated in shape. These insect pests are most active in spring and summer.
If not controlled, leaf beetles can do a lot of damage to vegetable crops and ornamental plants. They feed on the leaves, flowers, stems, roots, and fruits of different plants. They can fly, which means it's easy for them to move from one plant to another. Some species of leaf beetles only target one specific crop, while others will target many different types of plants. Although a lot of the damage that they cause is cosmetic, an infestation can weaken a plant and leave it prone to other more problematic diseases.
Symptom Analysis
The first signs of a leaf beetles infestation are small visible holes in leaves. Leaves then become discolored and dark beetle droppings can be seen. As the leaves turn yellow and brown, they will drop off the plant onto the ground. Some leaves will appear skeletonized with only the veins still remaining.
Infestation begins in spring, when the adult beetles emerge from the soil and lay their eggs on the leaves of plants. When these eggs hatch, the young nymphs start munching on the leaves as they grow up. Once leaf beetles are large and mature, they'll fall to the ground and pupate in the soil over winter before starting the cycle all over again.
Leaf beetles also eat holes in fruits and vegetables. These can be seen as small round holes that sometimes have a larger brown area surrounding them.
Solutions
For less serious cases:
- Remove beetles, nymphs, and eggs. Remove all life stages of the beetles and kill them by placing them in a bucket of warm, soapy water. This can be done more easily by placing the bucket under affected leaves and shaking the plant. This method is most effective in the afternoon when leaf beetles are more active. Always dispose of insects in a sealed bag or container to avoid escape and spread.
To treat more serious infestations:
- Apply organic insecticides. Use naturally-derived insecticides before moving on to synthetic insecticides. Neem oil and pyrethrum are naturally-derived insecticides that should be applied following label instructions.
- Apply synthetic insecticides. Examples of insecticides effective for leaf beetles include carbaryl, permethrin, and bifenthrin. Apply insecticides according to label instructions.
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Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Overview
Discolored spots on the foliage of plants are one of the most common disease problems people observe. These spots are caused by fungal and bacterial diseases, with most infections related to a fungal pathogen.
Brown spot can occurs on all houseplants, flowering ornamentals, vegetable plants, and leaves of trees, bushes, and shrubs. No plants are resistant to it, and the problem is worse in warm, wet environments. It can occur at any point in the life stage as long as leaves are present.
Small brownish spots appear on the foliage and enlarge as the disease progresses. In severe cases, the plant or tree is weakened when the lesions interrupt photosynthesis or cause defoliation.
Symptom Analysis
In most cases, brown spot only affects a small percentage of the whole plant, appearing on a small amount of the leaves. A small infection only puts minor stress on the plant. However, if left untreated and the disease progresses over numerous seasons, it will severely impact the health and productivity of the infected specimen.
- Sporulation begins (reproduction of the fungal spores), and tiny spots appear on leaves.
- Placement is often random and scattered as diseases are spread through raindrops.
- May appear on lower leaves and the interior of the plant where humidity is higher.
- Brown spots enlarge and grow large enough to touch neighboring spots to form a more prominent blotch.
- Leaf margins may turn yellow.
- Tiny black dots (fruiting bodies of the fungi) appear in the dead spots.
- Blotches grow in size until the entire leaf is brown.
- The leaf falls off the plant.
Severe Symptoms
- Partial or complete premature defoliation
- Reduced growth
- Increased susceptibility to pests and other diseases
Disease Cause
Brown spot, or leaf spot, is a common descriptive term given to several diseases affecting the leaves of plants and trees. Around 85% of diseases exhibiting leaf spots are due to fungus or fungus-like organisms. Sometimes brown spot is caused by a bacterial infection, or insect activity with similar symptoms.
When conditions are warm and the leaf surfaces are wet, fungal spores being transported by wind or rain land on the surface and cling to it. They do not rupture the cell walls but grow in the space between the plant plasma membrane and the plant cell wall. As the spores reproduce, they release toxins and enzymes that cause necrotic spots (i.e., dead tissue) on the leaves, allowing the fungi to consume the products released when the cells degrade.
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Caterpillars
Caterpillars are fleshy moth or butterfly larvae that come in an array of colors, patterns, and even hairstyles. They chew on leaves and flower petals, creating large, irregular holes.
Overview
Caterpillars can cause problems for home gardeners. If not managed, these insects can defoliate a plant in just a matter of days. However, home gardeners face a challenge because these caterpillars eventually turn into beautiful butterflies and moths, which are important for pollination and the general ecosystem.
There are thousands of different species of caterpillars and many will only target certain plants. If caterpillars are posing a problem, they can be removed by hand, or gardeners can use insect-proof netting to protect their valuable plants.
Symptom Analysis
Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. During the warmer months, butterflies and moths that visit gardens will lay their eggs on the underside of leaves.
When the tiny eggs hatch, the young larvae emerge and start feeding on the leaves of the plant. Depending on how many larvae have hatched, they can easily defoliate the plant in a very short period of time. Caterpillars will shed their skin as they grow, around 4 or 5 times during this feeding cycle.
Symptoms of caterpillars eating plants appear as holes in the leaves. The edges of the leaves may be eaten away as well, and flowers can be affected as well.
Some are easy to see, but others need to be searched for. This is because their bodies are often camouflaged to look like part of the plant. Gardeners need to look carefully along the stems of the plant as well as under the leaves. Also, look for tiny white, yellow, or brown eggs that can be found in groups on the underside of leaves.
Once the caterpillar is fully grown, it transforms into a pupa or chrysalis. Then, after a period of time that varies according to the species, a butterfly or moth will emerge from the pupa and the cycle begins again.
Solutions
Even though caterpillars are diverse, they all chew on plant parts and can cause significant damage if present in large numbers.
For severe cases:
- Apply insecticide. For an organic solution, spray plants with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which specifically affects the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Be sure to coat plants, since caterpillars need to ingest Bt for it to be effective. This will not harm other insects.
- Spray a chili extract. Chili seeds can be cooked in water to make a spicy spray that caterpillars don't like. Spray this mixture on the plants, but be aware it will also be spicy to humans.
- Introduce beneficial insects. Release beneficial insects to the garden that eat caterpillars, such as parasitic wasps.
For less severe cases:
- Hand pick. Using gloves, pick off caterpillars on plants and dispose of them in a bucket of soapy water.
- Dust plants with diatomaceous earth. This powder is harmless to humans but irritates caterpillars. Therefore, it will make it difficult for caterpillars to move and eat.
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Distribution of Raspberry
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Habitat of Raspberry
Mixed forests, thickets, slopes, valleys, stream sides
Northern Hemisphere
South Hemisphere
Distribution Map of Raspberry
Raspberry is a plant native to East Asia. It thrives naturally within this region and has been introduced to various other temperate areas. As a cultivated species, raspberry has been integrated into a range of settings for its ornamental properties, where it adapts to similar climates of its native habitat.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
More Info on Raspberry Growth and Care
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Basic Care Guide
Common Pests & Diseases
Transplant
1.5-2.5 feet
For raspberry, the prime transplant times are the shoulder seasons—gently nestled between spring’s bloom and summer’s peak, or cradled by autumn’s quiet ebb and the soft onset of winter. Select a site with abundant light and well-draining soil, and when needed, enrich the spot to welcome raspberry’s roots.
Transplant Techniques 
Temperature
-15 - 35 ℃
Raspberry is native to temperate environments and thrives best in cooler climates. It prefers a temperature range of 50 to 90 °F (10 to 32 ℃). Adjust the plant's exposure to heat or coldness according to seasons, ensuring it stays within these limits.
Temp for Healthy Growth 
Pruning
Early spring, Late winter
This bramble fruiting plant requires regular pruning to maintain health and maximize yields. Key pruning techniques include removing all weak, damaged, or diseased canes, and thinning to enhance air circulation. Pruning should be done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Benefits of pruning raspberry include increased fruit quality and disease prevention. It's essential to wear protective gloves and use sharp, sanitized tools to prevent infection.
Pruning techniques Dodder
Dodder is a parasitic plant that severely affects Raspberry, leading to reduced growth and potential death. It attaches to the host's stems, extracting nutrients, which debilitates the host plant.
Read More
Leaf wilting
Leaf wilting in Raspberry is characterized by the downward curling and drying of leaves. This condition weakens the plant, reduces fruit yield and vitality, impacting the overall health.
Read More
Leafhopper
Leafhopper disease in Raspberry results from insect infestation, causing chlorosis, reduced vigor, and potential death. Effective management includes both non-pesticidal and pesticidal strategies to mitigate its spread and severity.
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Mealybug
Mealybug infestation on Raspberry results in severe damage, marked by sap extraction and sooty mold growth. This pest tends to weaken the plant, leading to reduced fruit production and plant vigor.
Read More
Dark blotch
Dark blotch is a fungal disease affecting Raspberry, characterized by discolored spots on leaves and canes, often leading to premature defoliation and reduced yield.
Read More
Flower withering
Flower withering in Raspberry is characterized by the rapid deterioration and premature death of the flowers, significantly impacting fruit production and plant vitality. This disease creates major agricultural concerns where Raspberry is cultivated.
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Thrips
Thrips are pests affecting Raspberry primarily by damaging leaves and fruit, leading to reduced photosynthesis and fruit deformation. Successful management is key to preserving plant health and yield.
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Spider mite
Spider mite infestation leads to significant damage in Raspberry, causing chlorotic spots and leaf drop which may diminish plant health and fruit production. Proper management can curtail these impacts and improve plant vitality.
Read More
Whitefly
Whitefly infestation in Raspberry typically results in stunted growth and poor fruit quality. The pests feed on plant sap, weakening Raspberry and making it susceptible to various diseases.
Read More
Leaf beetle
Leaf beetle disease primarily affects Raspberry, resulting in defoliation, reduced fruit quality, and plant vigor. This issue escalates during the berry fruiting period, posing serious threats to crop yields.
Read More
Caterpillar
Caterpillar infestation in Raspberry leads to defoliation, weakened plants, and potentially reduced berry yield. This problem is severe when left unmanaged due to the caterpillar’s feeding habits.
Read More
Moss
Moss disease typically affects Raspberry, leading to growth inhibition and potential plant death if untreated. The disease thrives in damp, shaded conditions and spreads easily through spores.
Read More
Lichen
Lichen is not a disease but a symbiotic organism composed of algae and fungi. On Raspberry, lichen often indicates poor vigor but does not directly harm the plant. It grows on the bark without infecting or significantly damaging it.
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Flower wilting
Flower wilting in Raspberry is primarily characterized by the drooping and discoloration of flowers, progressing to affect the entire plant. The disease results in significant reduction in fruit production and general plant vigor.
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Leaf white mold
Leaf white mold is a fungal disease significantly impacting Raspberry by causing leaf discoloration, defoliation, and potentially, fruit damage. Effective management is crucial for preserving crop yield and plant health.
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Scale insect
Scale insects, tiny sap-sucking pests, prominently affect Raspberry, causing damage manifesting as discolored leaves, reduced growth, and deformed fruits. Control requires both non-pesticide and pesticide approaches, especially during their active growth phases in warmer months.
Read More
Spots
Spots, a fungal disease, severely impacts Raspberry's productivity and aesthetics. Early identification and treatment are crucial for managing the disease, which manifests as distinct discolored lesions and can lead to defoliation.
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Wounds
Wounds on 'Raspberry' primarily result from physical injuries, affecting the plant's growth and increasing susceptibility to infections. Timely management and proper care are essential to minimize impacts.
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Yellow edges
Yellow edges is a disease impacting Raspberry, characterized by chlorotic leaf margins turning yellow. This condition typically leads to diminished plant vigor and fruit production, affecting overall plant health.
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Weevil
Weevil disease in Raspberry primarily causes defoliation, fruit damage, and potential plant death. It impacts fruit production and plant health severely. Immediate management is crucial for containment.
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Aphid
Aphids are common pests affecting Raspberry, particularly during the growing season. They sap essential nutrients, leading to weakened plants, stunted growth, and sometimes transmission of viral diseases.
Read More
Dark spots
Dark spots, a fungal disease affecting Raspberry, cause significant aesthetic and physiological damage to the foliage, disrupting photosynthesis and weakening the overall plant health.
Read More
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About
Care Guide
More Info
Pests & Diseases
Distribution
More About How-Tos
Raspberry
Rubus swinhoei
Raspberry is a robust, woody shrub with sprawling, thorny canes that climb and intertwine. Its leaves, a deep green with a softer underside, often show a trifoliate pattern, catching dew in the early mornings. Delicate white to pale pink flowers bloom, paving the way for succulent, multi-segmented berries that thrive in the dappled shade of its native woodland edges.
Hardiness Zones
6 to 8
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Care Guide for Raspberry
Feedback
Ideal Lighting
Full sun, Partial sun
Ideal Temperature
6 to 8
Planting Time
Spring, Early summer, Early fall, Mid fall
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Key Facts About Raspberry
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Attributes of Raspberry
Lifespan
Perennial
Plant Type
Shrub
Plant Height
1 m to 4 m
Leaf Color
Green
Flower Size
1 cm to 1.5 cm
Flower Color
White
Leaf type
Deciduous
Ideal Temperature
10 - 32 ℃
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Scientific Classification of Raspberry
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Common Pests & Diseases About Raspberry
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Common issues for Raspberry based on 10 million real cases
Plant disease auto-diagnose & prevention
AI-powered plant doctor helps you diagnose plant problems in seconds.
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Dodder
Dodder is a parasitic plant that severely affects Raspberry, leading to reduced growth and potential death. It attaches to the host's stems, extracting nutrients, which debilitates the host plant.
Learn More About the Dodder ![more]()
Leaf beetles
Leaf beetles are a class of colored insects 1 to 2 cm in size. They gnaw on leaves and petals resulting in small, round holes scattered over the surface.
Solutions: For less serious cases: Remove beetles, nymphs, and eggs. Remove all life stages of the beetles and kill them by placing them in a bucket of warm, soapy water. This can be done more easily by placing the bucket under affected leaves and shaking the plant. This method is most effective in the afternoon when leaf beetles are more active. Always dispose of insects in a sealed bag or container to avoid escape and spread. To treat more serious infestations: Apply organic insecticides. Use naturally-derived insecticides before moving on to synthetic insecticides. Neem oil and pyrethrum are naturally-derived insecticides that should be applied following label instructions. Apply synthetic insecticides. Examples of insecticides effective for leaf beetles include carbaryl, permethrin, and bifenthrin. Apply insecticides according to label instructions.
Learn More About the Leaf beetles ![more]()
Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Solutions: In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary. Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading. Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear. Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread. Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Learn More About the Brown spot ![more]()
Caterpillars
Caterpillars are fleshy moth or butterfly larvae that come in an array of colors, patterns, and even hairstyles. They chew on leaves and flower petals, creating large, irregular holes.
Solutions: Even though caterpillars are diverse, they all chew on plant parts and can cause significant damage if present in large numbers. For severe cases: Apply insecticide. For an organic solution, spray plants with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which specifically affects the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Be sure to coat plants, since caterpillars need to ingest Bt for it to be effective. This will not harm other insects. Spray a chili extract. Chili seeds can be cooked in water to make a spicy spray that caterpillars don't like. Spray this mixture on the plants, but be aware it will also be spicy to humans. Introduce beneficial insects. Release beneficial insects to the garden that eat caterpillars, such as parasitic wasps. For less severe cases: Hand pick. Using gloves, pick off caterpillars on plants and dispose of them in a bucket of soapy water. Dust plants with diatomaceous earth. This powder is harmless to humans but irritates caterpillars. Therefore, it will make it difficult for caterpillars to move and eat.
Learn More About the Caterpillars ![more]()
Dodder
Overview
Symptom
Causes
Treatment
Prevention
Active Period
What is Dodder Disease on Raspberry?
Dodder is a parasitic plant that severely affects Raspberry, leading to reduced growth and potential death. It attaches to the host's stems, extracting nutrients, which debilitates the host plant.
Symptom Analysis
On Raspberry, Dodder appears as yellow or orange, thread-like strands entwining stems. Infected areas often display stunted growth, wilting, and dieback. Leaves beneath the infection may yellow and drop prematurely.
What Causes Dodder Disease on Raspberry?
Parasite
Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) is a parasitic plant that lacks chlorophyll and relies on connecting to the vascular system of host plants like Raspberry to survive.
How to Treat Dodder Disease on Raspberry?
Non pesticide
Physical removal: Manually remove Dodder tendrils and infected parts of Raspberry as soon as they are noticed to prevent further spread.
Sanitize equipment: Clean tools after working with infected plants to prevent spreading Dodder seeds or fragments to healthy areas.
Pesticide
Herbicide application: Apply selective pre-emergent herbicides designed to target Dodder while minimizing damage to Raspberry.
Continue reading in our app - it's better
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Leaf beetles
Leaf beetles are a class of colored insects 1 to 2 cm in size. They gnaw on leaves and petals resulting in small, round holes scattered over the surface.
Overview
Leaf beetles range in size from 1.5 mm to 2 cm. Both adult beetles and their larvae eat the leaves of many different types of plants. There are over 35,000 different species of leaf beetles, in a variety of colors including gold, green, yellow-striped, and red striped. Some of these have been mistaken for ladybirds because of their shape and coloring. They can be oval, round, or elongated in shape. These insect pests are most active in spring and summer.
If not controlled, leaf beetles can do a lot of damage to vegetable crops and ornamental plants. They feed on the leaves, flowers, stems, roots, and fruits of different plants. They can fly, which means it's easy for them to move from one plant to another. Some species of leaf beetles only target one specific crop, while others will target many different types of plants. Although a lot of the damage that they cause is cosmetic, an infestation can weaken a plant and leave it prone to other more problematic diseases.
Symptom Analysis
The first signs of a leaf beetles infestation are small visible holes in leaves. Leaves then become discolored and dark beetle droppings can be seen. As the leaves turn yellow and brown, they will drop off the plant onto the ground. Some leaves will appear skeletonized with only the veins still remaining.
Infestation begins in spring, when the adult beetles emerge from the soil and lay their eggs on the leaves of plants. When these eggs hatch, the young nymphs start munching on the leaves as they grow up. Once leaf beetles are large and mature, they'll fall to the ground and pupate in the soil over winter before starting the cycle all over again.
Leaf beetles also eat holes in fruits and vegetables. These can be seen as small round holes that sometimes have a larger brown area surrounding them.
Solutions
For less serious cases:
- Remove beetles, nymphs, and eggs. Remove all life stages of the beetles and kill them by placing them in a bucket of warm, soapy water. This can be done more easily by placing the bucket under affected leaves and shaking the plant. This method is most effective in the afternoon when leaf beetles are more active. Always dispose of insects in a sealed bag or container to avoid escape and spread.
To treat more serious infestations:
- Apply organic insecticides. Use naturally-derived insecticides before moving on to synthetic insecticides. Neem oil and pyrethrum are naturally-derived insecticides that should be applied following label instructions.
- Apply synthetic insecticides. Examples of insecticides effective for leaf beetles include carbaryl, permethrin, and bifenthrin. Apply insecticides according to label instructions.
Prevention
To prevent infestations of leaf beetles, follow these practices.
- Regularly check for beetles. To prevent large pest infestations, be proactive about frequently checking plants for pests and removing them quickly.
- Clear debris. Clear weeds and debris to remove areas where these beetles may overwinter and hide.
- Attract natural predators. Birds and other insects, such as wasps and ladybugs, are effective natural predators of leaf beetles. Encourage them to visit by including a diverse array of plants to provide habitat and food. Also, avoid applying broad-spectrum herbicides that can harm and kill beneficial insects.
- Plant aromatic herbs like mint, garlic, or rosemary, as these can repel leaf beetles.
Continue reading in our app - it's better
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unlimited guides at your fingertips...
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Brown spot
This infection can cause brown spots or patches to appear on the plant.
Overview
Discolored spots on the foliage of plants are one of the most common disease problems people observe. These spots are caused by fungal and bacterial diseases, with most infections related to a fungal pathogen.
Brown spot can occurs on all houseplants, flowering ornamentals, vegetable plants, and leaves of trees, bushes, and shrubs. No plants are resistant to it, and the problem is worse in warm, wet environments. It can occur at any point in the life stage as long as leaves are present.
Small brownish spots appear on the foliage and enlarge as the disease progresses. In severe cases, the plant or tree is weakened when the lesions interrupt photosynthesis or cause defoliation.
Symptom Analysis
In most cases, brown spot only affects a small percentage of the whole plant, appearing on a small amount of the leaves. A small infection only puts minor stress on the plant. However, if left untreated and the disease progresses over numerous seasons, it will severely impact the health and productivity of the infected specimen.
- Sporulation begins (reproduction of the fungal spores), and tiny spots appear on leaves.
- Placement is often random and scattered as diseases are spread through raindrops.
- May appear on lower leaves and the interior of the plant where humidity is higher.
- Brown spots enlarge and grow large enough to touch neighboring spots to form a more prominent blotch.
- Leaf margins may turn yellow.
- Tiny black dots (fruiting bodies of the fungi) appear in the dead spots.
- Blotches grow in size until the entire leaf is brown.
- The leaf falls off the plant.
Severe Symptoms
- Partial or complete premature defoliation
- Reduced growth
- Increased susceptibility to pests and other diseases
Disease Cause
Brown spot, or leaf spot, is a common descriptive term given to several diseases affecting the leaves of plants and trees. Around 85% of diseases exhibiting leaf spots are due to fungus or fungus-like organisms. Sometimes brown spot is caused by a bacterial infection, or insect activity with similar symptoms.
When conditions are warm and the leaf surfaces are wet, fungal spores being transported by wind or rain land on the surface and cling to it. They do not rupture the cell walls but grow in the space between the plant plasma membrane and the plant cell wall. As the spores reproduce, they release toxins and enzymes that cause necrotic spots (i.e., dead tissue) on the leaves, allowing the fungi to consume the products released when the cells degrade.
Solutions
In minor cases of brown spot, there isn’t any need to treat the disease. However, if much of the foliage is affected and defoliation occurs, the plant will benefit from getting rid of the infection. It is recommended to start by applying organic treatment options, working up to the more potent synthetic, chemical fungicides if necessary.
Organic options won’t kill the fungus, but will prevent it from spreading.
- Dissolve ½ teaspoon of baking soda and one teaspoon of liquid soap in a gallon of water. Using a spray bottle, spray on tops and bottoms of leaves until the mixture drips off. Repeat every two weeks until existing spots stop enlarging and new spots no longer appear.
- Spray a copper-based fungicidal soap on the leaves, coating the top and bottom leaf surfaces. Reapply as directed on the product label. Copper penetrates the leaf surface and prevents germination of spores so the fungus cannot spread.
- Apply an all-purpose fungicide to the entire plant, following the label instructions carefully.
Prevention
Like many other diseases, it is easier to prevent brown spot than cure it, and this is done through cultural practices.
- Clear fall leaves from the ground before winter to minimize places where fungi and bacteria can overwinter.
- Maintain good air movement between plants through proper plant spacing.
- Increase air circulation through the center of plants through pruning.
- Thoroughly clean all pruning tools after working with diseased plants.
- Never dispose of disease plant material in a compost pile.
- Avoid overhead watering to keep moisture off of the foliage.
- Keep plants healthy by providing adequate sunlight, water, and fertilizer.
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Caterpillars
Caterpillars are fleshy moth or butterfly larvae that come in an array of colors, patterns, and even hairstyles. They chew on leaves and flower petals, creating large, irregular holes.
Overview
Caterpillars can cause problems for home gardeners. If not managed, these insects can defoliate a plant in just a matter of days. However, home gardeners face a challenge because these caterpillars eventually turn into beautiful butterflies and moths, which are important for pollination and the general ecosystem.
There are thousands of different species of caterpillars and many will only target certain plants. If caterpillars are posing a problem, they can be removed by hand, or gardeners can use insect-proof netting to protect their valuable plants.
Symptom Analysis
Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies and moths. During the warmer months, butterflies and moths that visit gardens will lay their eggs on the underside of leaves.
When the tiny eggs hatch, the young larvae emerge and start feeding on the leaves of the plant. Depending on how many larvae have hatched, they can easily defoliate the plant in a very short period of time. Caterpillars will shed their skin as they grow, around 4 or 5 times during this feeding cycle.
Symptoms of caterpillars eating plants appear as holes in the leaves. The edges of the leaves may be eaten away as well, and flowers can be affected as well.
Some are easy to see, but others need to be searched for. This is because their bodies are often camouflaged to look like part of the plant. Gardeners need to look carefully along the stems of the plant as well as under the leaves. Also, look for tiny white, yellow, or brown eggs that can be found in groups on the underside of leaves.
Once the caterpillar is fully grown, it transforms into a pupa or chrysalis. Then, after a period of time that varies according to the species, a butterfly or moth will emerge from the pupa and the cycle begins again.
Solutions
Even though caterpillars are diverse, they all chew on plant parts and can cause significant damage if present in large numbers.
For severe cases:
- Apply insecticide. For an organic solution, spray plants with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which specifically affects the larval stage of moths and butterflies. Be sure to coat plants, since caterpillars need to ingest Bt for it to be effective. This will not harm other insects.
- Spray a chili extract. Chili seeds can be cooked in water to make a spicy spray that caterpillars don't like. Spray this mixture on the plants, but be aware it will also be spicy to humans.
- Introduce beneficial insects. Release beneficial insects to the garden that eat caterpillars, such as parasitic wasps.
For less severe cases:
- Hand pick. Using gloves, pick off caterpillars on plants and dispose of them in a bucket of soapy water.
- Dust plants with diatomaceous earth. This powder is harmless to humans but irritates caterpillars. Therefore, it will make it difficult for caterpillars to move and eat.
Prevention
Prevention may require less effort than attempts to eradicate infestations that have already begun. Here are our top steps for prevention:
- Monitor plants. Check plants regularly for caterpillar eggs on leaves. If they do not belong to an endangered species, they should be squished.
- Use insect netting. Cover plants with insect netting to prevent butterflies and moths from laying eggs on plants.
- Apply diatomaceous earth. Apply DE to plants early in the season and reapply after rain.
- Encourage plant diversity. This will attract predatory insects including parasitic wasps.
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Distribution of Raspberry
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Habitat of Raspberry
Mixed forests, thickets, slopes, valleys, stream sides
Northern Hemisphere
South Hemisphere
Distribution Map of Raspberry
Raspberry is a plant native to East Asia. It thrives naturally within this region and has been introduced to various other temperate areas. As a cultivated species, raspberry has been integrated into a range of settings for its ornamental properties, where it adapts to similar climates of its native habitat.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Potentially invasive
Exotic
No species reported
More Info on Raspberry Growth and Care
Basic Care Guide
Common Pests & Diseases
Dodder
Dodder is a parasitic plant that severely affects Raspberry, leading to reduced growth and potential death. It attaches to the host's stems, extracting nutrients, which debilitates the host plant.
Leaf wilting
Leaf wilting in Raspberry is characterized by the downward curling and drying of leaves. This condition weakens the plant, reduces fruit yield and vitality, impacting the overall health.
Leafhopper
Leafhopper disease in Raspberry results from insect infestation, causing chlorosis, reduced vigor, and potential death. Effective management includes both non-pesticidal and pesticidal strategies to mitigate its spread and severity.
Mealybug
Mealybug infestation on Raspberry results in severe damage, marked by sap extraction and sooty mold growth. This pest tends to weaken the plant, leading to reduced fruit production and plant vigor.
Dark blotch
Dark blotch is a fungal disease affecting Raspberry, characterized by discolored spots on leaves and canes, often leading to premature defoliation and reduced yield.
Flower withering
Flower withering in Raspberry is characterized by the rapid deterioration and premature death of the flowers, significantly impacting fruit production and plant vitality. This disease creates major agricultural concerns where Raspberry is cultivated.
Thrips
Thrips are pests affecting Raspberry primarily by damaging leaves and fruit, leading to reduced photosynthesis and fruit deformation. Successful management is key to preserving plant health and yield.
Spider mite
Spider mite infestation leads to significant damage in Raspberry, causing chlorotic spots and leaf drop which may diminish plant health and fruit production. Proper management can curtail these impacts and improve plant vitality.
Whitefly
Whitefly infestation in Raspberry typically results in stunted growth and poor fruit quality. The pests feed on plant sap, weakening Raspberry and making it susceptible to various diseases.
Leaf beetle
Leaf beetle disease primarily affects Raspberry, resulting in defoliation, reduced fruit quality, and plant vigor. This issue escalates during the berry fruiting period, posing serious threats to crop yields.
Caterpillar
Caterpillar infestation in Raspberry leads to defoliation, weakened plants, and potentially reduced berry yield. This problem is severe when left unmanaged due to the caterpillar’s feeding habits.
Moss
Moss disease typically affects Raspberry, leading to growth inhibition and potential plant death if untreated. The disease thrives in damp, shaded conditions and spreads easily through spores.
Lichen
Lichen is not a disease but a symbiotic organism composed of algae and fungi. On Raspberry, lichen often indicates poor vigor but does not directly harm the plant. It grows on the bark without infecting or significantly damaging it.
Flower wilting
Flower wilting in Raspberry is primarily characterized by the drooping and discoloration of flowers, progressing to affect the entire plant. The disease results in significant reduction in fruit production and general plant vigor.
Leaf white mold
Leaf white mold is a fungal disease significantly impacting Raspberry by causing leaf discoloration, defoliation, and potentially, fruit damage. Effective management is crucial for preserving crop yield and plant health.
Scale insect
Scale insects, tiny sap-sucking pests, prominently affect Raspberry, causing damage manifesting as discolored leaves, reduced growth, and deformed fruits. Control requires both non-pesticide and pesticide approaches, especially during their active growth phases in warmer months.
Spots
Spots, a fungal disease, severely impacts Raspberry's productivity and aesthetics. Early identification and treatment are crucial for managing the disease, which manifests as distinct discolored lesions and can lead to defoliation.
Wounds
Wounds on 'Raspberry' primarily result from physical injuries, affecting the plant's growth and increasing susceptibility to infections. Timely management and proper care are essential to minimize impacts.
Yellow edges
Yellow edges is a disease impacting Raspberry, characterized by chlorotic leaf margins turning yellow. This condition typically leads to diminished plant vigor and fruit production, affecting overall plant health.
Weevil
Weevil disease in Raspberry primarily causes defoliation, fruit damage, and potential plant death. It impacts fruit production and plant health severely. Immediate management is crucial for containment.
Aphid
Aphids are common pests affecting Raspberry, particularly during the growing season. They sap essential nutrients, leading to weakened plants, stunted growth, and sometimes transmission of viral diseases.
Dark spots
Dark spots, a fungal disease affecting Raspberry, cause significant aesthetic and physiological damage to the foliage, disrupting photosynthesis and weakening the overall plant health.
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Temperature
Indoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Choose a site here for personalized care tips. Requirements
Ideal
Tolerable
Unsuitable
Just like people, each plant has its own preferences. Learn about your plants' temperature needs and create a comforting environment for them to flourish. As you care for your plants, your bond with them will deepen. Trust your intuition as you learn about their temperature needs, celebrating the journey you share. Lovingly monitor the temperature around your plants and adjust their environment as needed. A thermometer can be your ally in this heartfelt endeavor. Be patient and gentle with yourself as you explore your plants' temperature needs. Cherish your successes, learn from challenges, and nurture your garden with love, creating a haven that reflects the warmth of your care. Essentials
Raspberry is native to temperate environments and thrives best in cooler climates. It prefers a temperature range of 50 to 90 °F (10 to 32 ℃). Adjust the plant's exposure to heat or coldness according to seasons, ensuring it stays within these limits.
Regional wintering strategies
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