Portuguese squill (Scilla peruviana)

Portuguese squill

Also known as: Giant squill, Peruvian jacinth

Portuguese squill (Scilla peruviana) is a bulb-bearing herbaceous perennial that grows best in areas that are warm and dry. Indigenous to the western Mediterranean, this species is often planted in gardens for its striking blue flowers. It prefers sandy, well-drained soil, and its bulbs should be planted at or below the soil surface.

Scientific classification

Species

Portuguese squill (Scilla peruviana)

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Perennial

Lifespan

15 cm to 20 cm

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

1 cm to 2 cm

Flower Size

Blue, Purple, White

Flower Color

Green, Blue

Stem Color

Evergreen

Leaf type

15 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Images of Portuguese squill

Distribution of Portuguese squill

Distribution Map

Portuguese squill originates from the coastal areas of the western Mediterranean region. It has been introduced and cultivated in various other temperate regions, often thriving in areas with similar climates to its native range. Its cultivation status extends across continents including Europe, Oceania, and North America, signifying a successful adaptation beyond its traditional habitat.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Garden

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Flowering

Fruiting

Culture

Symbolism

Loyalty, fidelity and constancy

Interesting Facts

Suffering from a case for mistaken identity, the portuguese squill is not from Peru. Legend tells that a 16th Century botanist, Carolus Clusius, misidentified the plant’s origin. Upon inspecting bulbs that had arrived on a ship named ‘Peru’ he mistakenly believed the origin of the plant was Peru and named it Hyacinthus stellatus peruanus. In 1753, Linneaus renamed it Scilla peruviana.

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Cultivars

There are several recognized cultivars of Portuguese squill, including the following common varieties :

Portuguese squill 'Sapphire Blue'

Toxicity

Portuguese squill has mild toxicity to humans, cats, and dogs, primarily through ingestion of its bulb, which contains glycoside compounds. Symptoms in humans include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In pets, symptoms can range from vomiting and diarrhea to drooling and physical discomfort. Preventive measures are crucial to avoid accidental ingestion, especially for children and pets attracted to the plant.

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Quickly Identify Portuguese squill

Rosette of dark green, strap-shaped leaves up to 18 inches (45 cm) wide.

Tall stalks with densely packed heads of deep blue flowers in spring.

Thrives with good drainage, lean soil, and tolerates various watering regimes.

Endures temperatures as low as 5°F (-15°C).

Contains toxic glycosides.

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Care Guide for Portuguese squill

Every week

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

15 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Portuguese squill originates from the Mediterranean, thriving in moderate humidity with well-drained soil. It requires weekly watering to support optimal growth, balancing drought tolerance with hydration needs. Its blooming season coincides with warmer temperatures, increasing its water demand.

Fertilize: Portuguese squill thrives with balanced nutrition fertilizers during its growing season, shifting to high phosphorus types before bloom. Monthly fertilization is recommended, with dilution to prevent root burn. Seasonal adjustments are crucial for optimal nutrient delivery, ensuring vigorous growth and stunning blooms.

Pruning: Portuguese squill features beautiful blue flower clusters and requires minimal pruning, ideally from early spring to late winter. Trim dead or damaged leaves, but avoid cutting green foliage. Pruning improves air circulation, lowers disease risk, and promotes growth, while regular deadheading maintains aesthetics.

Propagation: Portuguese squill propagates mainly through fresh seeds sown immediately after ripening. Use well-drained loamy soil, ensuring moisture without waterlogging. Once seedlings develop leaves, gradually acclimatize them outdoors. Consistent watering and protection from direct sunlight during early growth ensure healthy establishment.

Repotting: Repot portuguese squill every 2-3 years in spring using a medium-sized pot to support its bulbous growth. After repotting, ensure good drainage and acclimatize in shaded conditions. Monitor moisture levels for attentive care that encourages healthy growth as portuguese squill settles into its new environment.

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