Bitter apple - Solanum linnaeanum (Taxonomy, Characteristics, Distribution, Images)

Bitter apple

Also known as: Devil's apple

Bitter apple (*Solanum linnaeanum*), also known as the Devil's apple or Apple of Sodom, is a prickly, bushy plant of the nightshade family native to Southern Africa. It has a distinct tomato-shaped fruit which is toxic. In other warm parts of the world, bitter apple is invasive and can choke out native vegetation in regions such as Australia, New Zealand, the Pacific Islands, Saudi Arabia, and the Mediterranean.

Scientific classification

Species

Bitter apple (Solanum linnaeanum)

Nightshades, bindweeds, gooseweeds, and allies

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Toxic to Pets

Toxicity

Shrub

Plant Type

Late fall, Winter

Bloom Time

50 cm to 2 m

Plant Height

1.4 m

Spread

1.5 cm to 3.5 cm

Flower Size

Purple

Flower Color

Evergreen

Leaf type

Images of Bitter apple

Distribution of Bitter apple

Distribution Map

Bitter apple is a plant native to the Mediterranean region and parts of Northern Africa. Its distribution has expanded well beyond its native range, with the species introduced to parts of South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Oceania. Bitter apple has particularly taken root in temperate to subtropical climates across these continents.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Grassland, Coastal beaches and scrub

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Care Guide for Bitter apple

Every 2-3 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

20 - 38 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Water: Bitter apple is a drought-tolerant plant that thrives in arid conditions with minimal watering, typically every 2-3 weeks. Preferring full sun and well-draining soil, it grows best outdoors, with irrigation adjustments based on rainfall patterns.

Fertilize: Bitter apple needs high-nitrogen fertilizers for optimal growth, applied every 2-3 months during spring and summer. Use a balanced, slow-release formula at quarter-strength to prevent over-fertilization. Reduce frequency in fall and winter, and always water thoroughly post-fertilization.

Pruning: Bitter apple is a spiny shrub with bright yellow-green globular fruit. Prune in winter to remove dead branches and suckers, enhancing growth and air circulation. Regular pruning manages vigorous growth and pest control. Always disinfect tools before and after use to prevent contamination.

Propagation: To propagate bitter apple, take cuttings from healthy plants using sterilized tools. Apply rooting hormone, then plant in a well-drained, nutrient-rich substrate. Ensure consistent moisture and warmth while protecting the cuttings from harsh conditions until they are fully rooted and ready for transplanting.

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Images of Bitter apple

Distribution of Bitter apple

Care Guide for Bitter apple

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