Poison sumac predominantly populates the temperate regions of Eastern North America. Expansion beyond its native territory has been minimal, with recorded introduction in parts of Eastern Asia. The species demonstrates adaptability within similar climatic zones.

Poison sumac is extremely poisonous due to urushiol sap in its leaves and stems. Contact causes skin irritation: redness, itching, inflammation. Rare ingestion may result in severe gastrointestinal and airway issues. Severity depends on exposure; sap can transfer from clothing. Vision loss is possible if it contacts the eyes.

Poison sumac is restricted to very specific wetland habitats of eastern United States, so it is not an invasive species. However, it may be a species of concern in inhabited areas of its native range because of its toxicity. All parts of the plant contain the toxin Urushiol that is also found in Poison Ivy and Poison Oak. Contact causes intense dermatitis, with blistering and swelling. The greatest danger comes from the smoke of a burning poison sumac. Inhaling it causes irritation and inflammation of the inner lining of the lungs, leading to respiratory distress and failure, which can be fatal. Wearing protective clothing is essential in areas where poison sumac is present.

Just like with all weeds, it is best to notice the presence of this plant early and remove it before it takes over. Make sure to remove poison sumac before it produces fruits and seeds in order to avoid its further spread. The simplest way to remove this plant is to cut its stems at the base and dig out the roots, or to let grazing animals eat it. Chemical control is not advised. Also, do not burn poison sumac, because it will release a toxic smoke that can severely affect the lungs. Note: This is a toxic plant, so it is necessary to wear gloves and protective clothing while handling, pruning, or removing it.