American elm (Ulmus americana)

American elm

Also known as: Water elm

American elm (Ulmus americana) is a deciduous hermaphroditic tree which can be found in a variety of habitats - swamps, low-laying lands, areas surrounding rivers, hillsides, and highlands. It was a very dominant tree species in North America before Dutch elm disease was introduced during the first half of the 20th century, which caused massive die-offs.

Scientific classification

Species

American elm (Ulmus americana)

Roses, elms, figs, and allies

Instantly identify plants with a snap

Snap a photo for instant plant ID, gaining quick insights on disease prevention, treatment, toxicity, care, uses, and symbolism, etc.

Download the App for Free

Perennial

Lifespan

Tree

Plant Type

Spring

Bloom Time

2.5 cm

Flower Size

Green, Red

Flower Color

Brown

Stem Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Deciduous

Leaf type

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Rapid

Growth Rate

Images of American elm

Attributes of American elm

Growth Rate

In Spring and Summer, american elm showcases a rapid growth rate, swiftly enhancing its verdant leaf canopy and extending its architectural form. Heightened pollination and seed maturation occur, particularly during Spring. Its accelerated growth, however, might increase susceptibility to Dutch elm disease.

Distribution of American elm

Distribution Map

American elm comes from the eastern side of North America, where it grows in a wide range of ecosystems, often near water or in swampy ground and floodplains. It has not been naturalized elsewhere.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

Discover plant distribution and habitat

Gain insights into where plants thrive and how they adapt, helping you identify, cultivate, and protect them with essential information on habitats, distribution maps, and climate trends.

Download the App for Free

Habitat

Streams, lowlands

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

American elm is one of the most popular trees grown in the USA, in home gardens and public places, such as streets and parks. Its elegant style of growth — especially when planted near each other, creating an arching effect — and gorgeous autumn foliage make it extremely desirable as an ornamental and shade-providing tree. Hydrangeas, garden mums, and hicks yew work well as companions.

Symbolism

Shadows, darkness, mourning, the spirit world

Interesting Facts

The famous Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus gave Ulmus americana its name. The species was first described in his 1573 book 'Species Plantarum', the book that is considered as a starting point for the binominal botanical nomenclature and scientific naming of plants.

Name Story

American elm: In the 19th and 20th centuries, it is one of the most common trees seen along the streets, forming natural arches. As it is originated from North America, it is called American elm in which the genus name, Ulmus refers to the meaning of elm.

Water elm: The vitality of this plant is extremely vigorous that it grows in different kinds of habitat. Its favorite habitat is the riverside and the swamp areas like the Appalachian Mountains. It is often seen growing along the river because it likes damp environments in which is also why it is also called water elm.

White elm: Although the trunk of the plant appears to be in dark brown on the surface, the timber turns white after manufacturing which is why it is called white elm.

Get quick plant knowledge with a snap

Snap a photo for instant plant identification and learn about its name, symbolism, interesting facts, uses, and more.

Download the App for Free

Quickly Identify American elm

Vase-like tree, 18-24 meters (60-80 feet) tall with spread of 9-18 meters (30-60 feet).

Dark gray bark with interwoven, flat ridges; smooth brown stems with green leaves.

Ovate-elliptic rough-textured leaves, 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) long, toothed margins.

Greenish-red flowers in clusters of 3-4, 0.1 inches (2.5 mm) across, blooming in early spring.

Samaras with thin papery wing, greenish to tan, aiding wind dispersal, abundant in April-May.

Identify plants with a snap

Instantly identify plants with AI: Snap a photo, and get accurate results within seconds.

Download the App for Free

Care Guide for American elm

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Water: Native to Eastern North America's moist soils, american elm prefers consistent moisture without waterlogging, requiring watering every 1-2 weeks. While typically grown outdoors, it adapts to urban settings and needs adequate hydration during its active growth cycle.

Fertilize: Fertilize american elm in spring with a balanced 10-10-10 formula, using 1 tablespoon for young and up to 1 cup for mature trees at the drip line. Avoid fertilizing the first year; monitor seasonal needs and soil-test. Use compost for enrichment, and protect american elm's bark from fertilizer contact.

Pruning: American elm is a deciduous tree with a vase-like shape and arching branches. Prune in early spring to remove dead wood, shape the tree, and improve air circulation. Focus on maintaining a strong central leader and even limbs to promote healthy growth and vitality.

Propagation: Originating from North America, american elm is a vase-shaped deciduous tree. Propagate through cuttings from healthy branches of current or previous year's growth, using a moist, well-draining medium and rooting hormone. Consistent moisture and warmth are essential for successful root development.

Get tips and tricks for your plants.

Keep your plants happy and healthy with our guide to watering, lighting, feeding and more.

Download the App for Free

Images of American elm

Attributes of American elm

Distribution of American elm

Culture

Quickly Identify American elm

Care Guide for American elm

PEOPLE ALSO ASK

Common Pests & Diseases