Black mullein (Verbascum nigrum)

Black mullein

Black mullein is a super tough and long-lived perennial that often dies after flowering. This deciduous plant has beautiful yellow and purple flowers that usually attract birds, bees, moths, and other pollinators. This plant is native to Europe and the Mediterranean. The flowers and leaves can treat various respiratory diseases, including cough, asthma, and throat irritations.

Scientific classification

Species

Black mullein (Verbascum nigrum)

Mints plantains olives and allies

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50 cm to 1.5 m

Plant Height

60 cm

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

2.5 cm to 5 cm

Flower Size

Yellow, White, Purple

Flower Color

Green, Yellow, Purple

Stem Color

Semi-evergreen, Deciduous

Leaf type

20 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Images of Black mullein

Distribution of Black mullein

Distribution Map

Black mullein is native to Europe and Asia, thriving in a range of habitats within these major regions. It has been introduced to various parts of the northern hemisphere, adapting to new terrains. While black mullein is not a native species outside its original range, it has been cultivated in different locales, signifying a versatile distribution and acclimatization capacity.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Waysides and open areas on banks

Culture

Garden Use

Usually chosen by gardeners for its unusual yellow-and-purple flowers, its re-seeding ability, and its toughness, black mullein is also very attractive to pollinators and seed-eating birds, making it a common choice for wildlife-friendly gardens. It makes a good accent in a rock garden, and can be part of a cluster of flowering plants in a cottage garden.

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Toxicity

Black mullein contains rotenoids and saponins that pose a mild toxicity risk to humans, cats, and dogs, primarily through ingestion of its seeds. Symptoms include gastrointestinal distress, weakness, and dizziness in humans; and similar distress in pets. Immediate veterinary care is crucial for pets showing signs of ingestion to manage poisoning effectively. Prevent accidental ingestion for safety.

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Care Guide for Black mullein

Every week

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

20 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Black mullein thrives in open woodlands, tolerating moderate moisture and short dry spells. It prefers consistent moisture without waterlogging, requiring weekly watering that allows slight soil drying. This herbaceous perennial needs careful watering during its growing season to support robust flowering.

Fertilize: For black mullein, use balanced nutrients or high phosphorus fertilizers monthly during the growing season (spring to early fall) at half the recommended rate. Reduce feeding in late fall and winter to prevent over-fertilization and root burn, ensuring even distribution for optimal growth and flowering.

Pruning: Characterized by tall spikes and clustered yellow flowers, black mullein requires annual pruning in early to late spring. Removing dead stems and spent flowers encourages bushier growth, prolongs blooming, and enhances vigor while reducing disease risk. Consult reliable horticultural sources for optimal care.

Propagation: Propagation of black mullein is achieved through division. Gardeners should carefully separate the root clump using clean tools, ensuring each division includes roots and shoots. Newly planted divisions must match the parent’s depth and be thoroughly watered for optimal root development and growth.

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Images of Black mullein

Distribution of Black mullein

Culture

Toxicity

Care Guide for Black mullein

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