Black swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum nigrum)

Black swallow-wort

Also known as: Black dog-strangling vine, Black swallowwort, Climbing poison

Black swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum nigrum) is an invasive perennial vine that thrives in sunny open areas. Black swallow-wort forms dense colonies that overwhelm native ground vegetation and jeopardize natural habitats. It spreads invasively and aggressively through a vivacious root system and wind-dispersed seeds.

Scientific classification

Species

Black swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum nigrum)

Gentians, dogbanes, madders, and allies

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Toxic to Humans

Toxicity

Perennial

Lifespan

Vine, Herb

Plant Type

Late spring, Summer

Bloom Time

Summer, Fall

Harvest Time

61 cm to 1.8 m

Plant Height

90 cm

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

Brown, Green

Fruit Color

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Images of Black swallow-wort

Distribution of Black swallow-wort

Distribution Map

Black swallow-wort is a plant native to Southern and Western Europe, thriving in a climate typically associated with regions like the Mediterranean basin. It has been introduced to Central Europe, where it has established itself in a variety of habitats across this major region. The plant's presence demonstrates adaptability, flourishing beyond its original range without being intentionally cultivated.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Upland areas, abandoned fields, hedgerows, brushy areas, woodlands, river banks, transportation corridors, quarries, agricultural fields, gardens

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

Black swallow-wort readily climb trellises, walls, and other plants, producing an effective visual screen for creating privacy on a deck or patio. In summer, the shiny dark green leaves are complemented by an abundance of black to dark red flowers, followed by interesting-looking green pods that add visual interest to the landscape for most of the year.

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Toxicity

Black swallow-wort contains toxic properties due to the alkaloid vincetoxin. All parts of the plant are toxic for both cats and dogs, causing symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea upon ingestion. Immediate veterinary care is necessary if pets consume black swallow-wort to mitigate health risks.

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Care Guide for Black swallow-wort

Every week

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Water: Black swallow-wort thrives in moderate moisture, requiring consistent hydration without waterlogging. It benefits from weekly watering to maintain health, especially during active growth. Typically grown outdoors, careful management of soil moisture levels is crucial for its vigor and drought resistance.

Fertilize: Fertilize black swallow-wort with a balanced fertilizer in early spring and summer using slow-release or diluted liquid types, every 4-6 weeks during growth. Avoid over-fertilization to prevent root burn. Adjust as needed during dormancy, and wear gloves due to sap irritation. Over-fertilizing can weaken stems and reduce flowering.

Pruning: Black swallow-wort is an invasive plant with dark, shiny leaves that requires pruning in early to late spring. Cutting back all growth to ground level controls its spread and encourages healthier growth. Regularly inspect for new shoots to mitigate competition with native species.

Propagation: Black swallow-wort propagation occurs via herbaceous cuttings in Spring and Summer, with moderate difficulty. Success is indicated by healthy roots and shoots. Essential tips include utilizing rooting hormone and maintaining adequate moisture for the cuttings.

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