Rough cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium)

Rough cocklebur

Also known as: Common cocklebur, Large cocklebur, Canada cocklebur

Rough cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) is likely native to North America but has become widely naturalized around the world. The burred seed pod is buoyant and can be dispersed along waterways in addition to becoming hooked in the fur of passing animals. The plant has been used for medicinal purposes but is also quite toxic and dangerous.

Scientific classification

Species

Rough cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium)

Asters bellflowers fanflowers and allies

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Annual

Lifespan

Herb

Plant Type

Summer, Fall

Harvest Time

30 cm to 1.5 m

Plant Height

2.5 cm to 10 cm

Spread

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Semi-evergreen

Leaf type

20 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Summer, Fall

Growth Season

Rapid

Growth Rate

Images of Rough cocklebur

Distribution of Rough cocklebur

Distribution Map

Rough cocklebur is a plant with a broad geographic footprint. Natively, it can be found in regions spanning from Eastern Europe across to Southeast Asia. The species has been introduced to many areas, including parts of Northern and Eastern Europe, East Asia, Oceania, and North America. In some regions of Africa and Asia, rough cocklebur is regarded as an invasive species where it potentially competes with native flora. While not aggressively disruptive, rough cocklebur may have an impact on ecosystems where it establishes itself outside its native range.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Waste places, roadsides, low ground

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Quickly Identify Rough cocklebur

Robust stem with short white hairs and dark streaks, reaching up to 3 feet (90 cm) in height.

Broad, oval to heart-shaped leaves up to 8 inches (20 cm) long, with sandpaper texture.

Spiny, bur-like seed pods that aid in seed dispersal, measuring 0.5 to 1 inch (1.3 to 2.5 cm).

Distinctive fruit with hooked prickles, 1/2 to 1.5 inches (1.3 to 3.8 cm) long, in brown or green hues.

Greenish, axillary flowers lacking petals and scent, blooming in late summer to early fall.

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Care Guide for Rough cocklebur

Every week

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

20 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Water: Rough cocklebur thrives in variable moisture and tolerates both wet and dry conditions. It prefers moderate hydration, with weekly watering recommended. As an annual herbaceous plant, rough cocklebur shows significant growth during the rainy season, impacting its life cycle and reproductive timing.

Pruning: Rough cocklebur requires pruning from early to late spring to control its invasive nature and promote growth. Remove dead stems and thin overcrowded areas to enhance air circulation. Regular maintenance is essential for a healthier garden presence; consult horticultural guides for optimal techniques.

Propagation: A member of the Asteraceae family, rough cocklebur is a hardy weed that propagates by seeds. For successful cultivation, sow seeds in well-drained soil with sufficient moisture, ensuring proper spacing to prevent aggressive growth. Monitor and manage the environment to control its spread effectively.

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Images of Rough cocklebur

Distribution of Rough cocklebur

Quickly Identify Rough cocklebur

Care Guide for Rough cocklebur

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