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Why is common mullein such a troublesome invasive plant?
Common mullein is a relatively fast-growing herbaceous plant, which can grow more than 2 m tall. Common mullein spreads via seeds, which are easily dispersed by wind. A single plant can produce up to 180,000 seeds that can remain viable for 100 years, and build persistent soil seed banks. The seeds have no mechanisms for dispersal, so the plants usually create localized colonies. This plant grows vigorously and is very difficult to eradicate once it is established. Common mullein also attracts many types of pests and diseases that can spread onto nearby plants, which is why it is considered an invasive weed in many areas outside its native range.
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