Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)

Shellbark hickory

Also known as: Kingnus

Wildlife and people harvest most of them; those remaining produce seedling trees readily. The wood is hard, heavy, strong, and very flexible, making it a favored wood for tool handles. A specimen tree has been reported in Missouri with 1.2 m diameter at breast height, 37 m tall, and a spread of 23 m.

Scientific classification

Species

Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)

Beeches, walnuts, and allied trees

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree

Plant Type

Spring, Summer

Bloom Time

12 m to 30 m

Plant Height

12 m to 18 m

Spread

Green, Yellow, Brown

Leaf Color

Brown

Stem Color

Deciduous

Leaf type

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Slow

Growth Rate

Images of Shellbark hickory

Attributes of Shellbark hickory

Growth Rate

During the lively months of spring and summer, shellbark hickory exhibits a slow growth rate. This posits a deliberate maturation process, where energy is strategically expended for sturdy trunk development and dense leaf formation. A beautifully orchestrated growth rhythm, it aids in the production of its signature thick, robust shells come fall.

Distribution of Shellbark hickory

Distribution Map

Shellbark hickory is a plant primarily native to the temperate regions of North America. It has also been introduced to certain parts of Europe. Although originally confined to its native range, shellbark hickory has been cultivated and now persists in various locales outside its indigenous habitat, adapting to diverse environments within these continents.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Moist or wet soils of flood plains and valleys, with other hardwoods

Quickly Identify Shellbark hickory

Twigs with orange lenticels and fine hairs shedding to reveal smooth texture.

Distinct dual-phase bark: smooth grayish bark in youth, transitioning to shaggy strips in maturity.

Male flowers form yellow-green 2-3 inch (5-8 cm) catkins, clustered tightly.

Odd-pinnate compound leaves with 7 lance-shaped leaflets, turning yellow to yellow-brown in autumn.

Fruit enclosed in thick husk, matured to split into 4 segments revealing smooth tan nut.

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Care Guide for Shellbark hickory

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Shellbark hickory is drought-tolerant and prefers moderate moisture without waterlogging. Water every 1-2 weeks for optimal health. It is sensitive to overwatering during dormancy in colder seasons when water uptake decreases, making it best suited for outdoor growth.

Fertilize: Fertilize shellbark hickory annually with balanced or high nitrogen fertilizers in late winter or early spring, based on size and soil tests. Avoid excesses to prevent harm. Apply at the drip line, ensure proper watering, and note seasonal nutrient needs for vigor and nut production.

Pruning: Prune shellbark hickory in early spring, focusing on dead branches and thinning crowded areas while maintaining its shape. Use sharp, clean tools to prevent disease. This practice improves air circulation, sunlight penetration, and stimulates vigorous growth, ensuring the plant's health and aesthetics.

Propagation: Shellbark hickory is valued for its attractive appearance and nuts. Optimal propagation involves sowing stratified seeds. Seedlings thrive in well-draining, organic-rich soil and require consistent moisture. Ensure ample sunlight and space for growth while protecting young plants from wildlife.

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