Black hawthorn (Crataegus douglasii)

Black hawthorn

Also known as: Douglas' hawthorn

Black hawthorn (Crataegus douglasii) is a shrub species that is used for ornamental purposes and as a food source for livestock and wildlife. Livestock often graze on the foliage of this plant, while wild bird species eat the berries.

Scientific classification

Species

Black hawthorn (Crataegus douglasii)

Roses, elms, figs, and allies

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Perennial

Lifespan

Shrub

Plant Type

Mid spring, Late spring

Bloom Time

Summer

Harvest Time

Red, Black, Burgundy

Fruit Color

White

Flower Color

Silver, Red, Gray, Burgundy

Stem Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Deciduous

Leaf type

0 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Moderate

Growth Rate

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Attributes of Black hawthorn

Growth Rate

With a moderate growth rate, black hawthorn develops noticeably yet steadily from Spring through Fall. During these seasons, accelerated leaf production and height increase are observed, striking a balance between rapid expansion and maintaining hardiness. This growth velocity also optimizes black hawthorn's flowering potential, notably in late Spring, offering a rich profusion of white blossoms for pollinators. As Fall approaches, growth is channeled into strengthening the framework before dormancy.

Distribution of Black hawthorn

Distribution Map

Black hawthorn is native to the temperate regions of North America and has been introduced to parts of Northern Europe. It has been able to adapt beyond its natural range, indicating a success in both wild and cultivated contexts. The spread of black hawthorn shows a resilience that allows for growth under varied climatic conditions found across these major regions.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Open woods, banks of mountain streams, rocky banks

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

Black hawthorn is a small tree or a shrub with white spring flowers attractive to pollinators and showy red berries that persist in the canopy for a long time. It can be an ideal specimen tree in native gardens, or useful as a lawn or street tree. In brush form, it can be used within hedges or barriers.

Symbolism

Fertility, Chastity, Fishing Magic

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Quickly Identify Black hawthorn

Thorny stems up to 1 inch long, distinctive against smooth bark.

White flowers in clustered corymbs, attracting midges and butterflies.

Edible, globular fruit ripening from red to almost black, containing five seeds.

Oval leaves with serrated margins, pinnate veins, dark green upper surface.

Relatively thin bark scaling into narrow, shaggy patterns, dark grey to brown.

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Care Guide for Black hawthorn

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

0 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Black hawthorn prefers moist environments and requires consistent moisture, ideally being watered every 1-2 weeks. While it tolerates brief dryness, it thrives outdoors to benefit from natural rainfall. Its water uptake peaks during the active growing season, crucial for optimal health.

Fertilize: Black hawthorn requires balanced nutrition for optimal growth. Apply a slow-release fertilizer annually in spring, following the label instructions. Adjust based on black hawthorn's life cycle and seasonal needs. Compost enhances soil fertility, and always water black hawthorn after fertilizing to ensure nutrient absorption and prevent root burn.

Pruning: Prune black hawthorn in early to late winter for healthy growth. Remove dead or crossed branches to enhance air circulation and light penetration. Thinning overcrowded areas promotes health and encourages flowering and fruiting. Use clean, sharp tools to prevent damage and disease.

Propagation: Black hawthorn propagates effectively through cutting and layering during autumn and winter. While propagation is moderately challenging, successful growth is marked by new leaf development. Maintaining adequate moisture and warmth is crucial for optimal results.

Repotting: Repot black hawthorn every 2-3 years in early spring using a slightly larger container for growth. Ensure well-draining soil and place in full sun to partial shade. After repotting, water consistently but avoid overwatering to support recovery.

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Images of Black hawthorn

Attributes of Black hawthorn

Distribution of Black hawthorn

Culture

Quickly Identify Black hawthorn

Care Guide for Black hawthorn

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