Saffron crocus (Crocus sativus)

Saffron crocus

Also known as: Autumn crocus, Persian saffron

Saffron crocus (Crocus sativus) is a flowering plant that's a member of the iris family. Saffron spice is harvested from the flower's filaments. A mind-boggling 75,000 plants are needed for every pound of saffron, making it one of the most expensive spices on the planet.

Scientific classification

Species

Saffron crocus (Crocus sativus)

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Toxic to Humans

Toxicity

Perennial

Lifespan

Herb

Plant Type

Fall, Winter

Bloom Time

10 cm to 30 cm

Plant Height

10 cm

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

2.5 cm to 3 cm

Flower Size

Purple

Flower Color

Green, Purple

Stem Color

Summer dormancy

Dormancy

Deciduous

Leaf type

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Fall

Growth Season

Moderate

Growth Rate

Images of Saffron crocus

Distribution of Saffron crocus

Distribution Map

Saffron crocus, a flower primarily associated with temperate regions, is indigenous to Western Asia and parts of Southern Europe. Over time, it has been introduced and cultivated in parts of South Asia, the Middle East, the Mediterranean region, and portions of Southeastern Europe. Today, saffron crocus is cultivated in areas that can simulate its native climate conditions.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Meadows, Scrubs, Woodlands

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

Saffron crocus is the crocus variety that produces the expensive and edible spice saffron, and you can grow this corm in your garden for this purpose. The dark yellow flower stigmas make the desirable spice that is an essential ingredient in many recipes. The attractive purple flowers bloom in mid-autumn and add color to the garden, even if you don’t want to collect the pollen.

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Toxicity

Saffron crocus is highly toxic to humans if ingested. All parts are poisonous, especially seeds and flowers, causing symptoms like severe salivation, vomiting, abdominal pain, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and possible kidney and liver failure. Children are at risk due to its presence in homes, with severe cases leading to weakness and collapse.

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Quickly Identify Saffron crocus

Vibrant purple to lavender flowers with reddish-orange stigmas

Linear green leaves with a central white stripe, up to 16 inches (40 cm) long

Night-closing behavior, blooms for 14 days in fall

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Care Guide for Saffron crocus

Every week

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

5 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Saffron crocus, originating from Mediterranean climates, is drought-resistant and thrives in well-drained soils. It requires weekly watering, with reduced needs during dormancy after flowering. Its irrigation should align with rainfall patterns to replicate native habitat conditions.

Fertilize: For optimal growth of saffron crocus, use balanced nutrition fertilizers during growth, then switch to high phosphorus for blooming. Fertilize in spring and autumn, taking care not to over-fertilize to avoid root burn. Follow product guidelines and wear gloves for safety.

Pruning: Saffron crocus features vibrant violet flowers and valuable spice from its stigmas. Prune saffron crocus in early spring to remove dead foliage, promoting ventilation and preventing disease. Avoid trimming flowers or buds to enhance growth and flowering. Consult horticultural guides for tailored care tips.

Propagation: Saffron crocus is propagated by division, requiring each section to have a growth point. Gardeners should carefully separate and replant corms at the same depth. Well-draining soil and post-division care are essential for the healthy growth of saffron crocus.

Repotting: Repot saffron crocus every 2-3 years before blooming. Use a deep, medium-sized pot and repot in late summer during dormancy. Provide well-draining soil and moderate watering post-repotting. A sunny location supports recovery and ongoing health.

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