Toothed spurge - Euphorbia dentata (Taxonomy, Characteristics, Symbolism, Images, Control)

Toothed spurge

Also known as: Green poinsettia, Toothedleaf poinsettia

Toothed spurge (Euphorbia dentata) has jagged leaves with toothed edges which explains both its common and Latin names (dentata means "toothed"). This spurge is a first-growth species that occupies disturbed land like roadsides and waste ground. The plant is classed as a noxious weed in some US states.

Scientific classification

Species

Toothed spurge (Euphorbia dentata)

Nances, spurges, willows and allies

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Toxic to Humans

Toxicity

Weeds

Weed or not

Annual

Lifespan

Herb

Plant Type

Summer, Early fall, Mid fall

Bloom Time

Summer, Fall

Harvest Time

23 cm to 61 cm

Plant Height

30 cm

Spread

Green, Red

Stem Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Deciduous

Leaf type

20 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Images of Toothed spurge

Distribution of Toothed spurge

Distribution Map

Toothed spurge's native to Mexico, where it tends to grow in waste areas and the edges of agricultural land. It has been introduced to surrounding areas, as well as China and Korea.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Dry soil, prairie ravines, fields, roadsides, waste places, railroad embankments

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

Toothed spurge is not typically planted intentionally in gardens, although it sometimes appears as a volunteer. However, it can be a desirable garden specimen plant for its unusual and intriguing terminal flower clusters that provide visual interest for people and a source of food for birds.

Symbolism

Be of good cheer.

Name Story

Toothed spurge: This is a hairy annual herb with an erect or somewhat erect stem reaching anywhere from 20 to 50 centimeters tall. It grows hairy, pointed leaves that are a few centimeters long, widely to narrowly lance-shaped, and generally toothed. Also, it is part of the Euphorbia genus, so it is commonly called toothed spurge.

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Toxicity

Toothed spurge's toxic milky sap can cause severe dermatitis and even blindness in humans. Extremely poisonous to cats and dogs, ingesting any part can result in significant distress or serious symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and seizures. Immediate veterinary care is crucial for pets exposed to this plant. Keep toothed spurge out of reach to protect pets and humans.

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Weed Control

Toothed spurge is a weed found mainly in the eastern and central United States in prairies and abandoned fields and near roadsides, parking lots, and railroads. It is not a showy plant for garden appeal but offers a food source for birds. The plant can be weedy through excessive self-seeding, but it is not on any state invasive species list. It contains a white milky sap that is poisonous and can produce dermatitis in humans, horses and cattle, and blindness with direct eye contact. To control spreading, pull out the entire plant by hand to include root removal or use pre-emergent herbicides.

How to Control It

The best time to control the growth of toothed spurge is during the fall or spring season. Ideally, toothed spurge should be removed before it reaches its flowering and seed setting stage, as this would proliferate its spread.

Manual Pulling: Wear protective gloves to avoid the milky sap secreted by toothed spurge, which can be irritating to the skin. Grasp toothed spurge at the base near the ground and pull gently to uproot the entire plant, including its root system. This method works best when the soil is moist.
Mulching: It helps to control the growth of toothed spurge by blocking the sunlight it needs for photosynthesis. Cover the area where toothed spurge is growing with a thick layer (at least 3 inches) of organic mulch like straw or compost. This also maintains soil moisture and adds nutrients to the soil.
Propane Torch: Stem, leaf, and seed destruction can be achieved with a propane torch. This method must be done with caution as it involves fire. Hold the torch flame to the plant until it wilts and changes color. Make sure to have a water source nearby for safety.
Planting Competitive Plants: Planting fast-growing, competitive plants can help suppress the growth of toothed spurge. These plants occupy space and use resources that toothed spurge needs, hindering its spread.
Using a Garden Hoe: For larger areas infested with toothed spurge, using a garden hoe can be an effective method. Hoe the soil around the roots of the plant, then pull up the loosened plant.

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Care Guide for Toothed spurge

Every week

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

20 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Water: Originating from moderate climates, toothed spurge thrives in a balance of moisture and dryness, showcasing drought tolerance once established. Optimal growth requires weekly watering, while rainwater during its growing season enhances resilience and promotes vigorous growth.

Fertilize: Toothed spurge needs minimal fertilizer for growth, thriving even in poor, well-drained soils. Apply fertilizer only when lower leaves show yellowing due to nutrient deficiency, using half-strength liquid fertilizer, which will sustain the plant for several months.

Propagation: For optimal propagation of toothed spurge, sow seeds in Spring. Monitor for new sprouts to indicate success, and avoid overcrowding to ensure healthy growth. This plant is relatively easy to propagate but may need occasional care.

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Images of Toothed spurge

Distribution of Toothed spurge

Culture

Toxicity

Weed Control

Care Guide for Toothed spurge

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