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Leafy spurge
Also known as: Hungarian spurge, Faitour's grass
Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is a perennial that will grow to 91 cm tall. It is an aggressive, persistent plant with deep roots. It reproduces rapidly through its spreading roots and its abundant seed production. The flowers are yellowish-green clusters enclosed in yellow-green bracts. It produces a milky secretion that can irritate the skin and is poisonous to some animals.
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Toxic to Humans
Toxicity
Weeds
Weed or not
Perennial
Lifespan
Herb
Plant Type
Late spring, Early summer, Mid summer
Bloom Time
Mid spring, Late spring, Summer, Early fall
Harvest Time
1 m to 1.2 m
Plant Height
40 cm
Spread
Green, Blue
Leaf Color
2.5 cm
Flower Size
Brown
Fruit Color
Yellow, Green, Gold
Flower Color
Green, Blue
Stem Color
Rapid
Growth Rate

Images of Leafy spurge

Distribution of Leafy spurge

Distribution Map
Leafy spurge is native to key regions in Europe and Asia, thriving in temperate zones. Over time, leafy spurge has been introduced and has spread to various parts of Northern Europe as an invasive species. Its ability to adapt has allowed it to grow beyond its original range, now occupying habitats across continents.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Introduced
No species reported
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Habitat
Prairies, savannas, mountain meadows, near woodlands, fields, waste places
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Culture

Symbolism
Purity, protection and wisdom
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Toxicity

Leafy spurge is moderately toxic to humans, causing redness, itchiness, and inflammation on contact, and is severely toxic to cats and dogs if ingested, leading to symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy. Immediate veterinary care is crucial for pets. Gardeners should wear gloves to avoid contact with the plant's sap.
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Weed Control

Leafy spurge appears as a weed in most of the United States and Canadian provinces, being a particular problem in states in the north and central Plains. It grows well in pastures, woodlands, rangelands, and along roadsides. It is in state invasive species laws in Massachusetts, New York, Michigan, and other northern Midwest states plus most western states. It also appears on the invasive list in Indiana and Kentucky. The problem with leafy spurge is that it displaces native grasses and its extensive roots and early spring growth help it outcompetes other species for light, water, and nutrients. It is toxic to cattle and horses, and its sap can irritate skin. Control involves burning, mowing, tilling, and the use of herbicides.
How to Control It
The best season for removal of leafy spurge is during spring, before the plant fully matures and goes to seed. Here are a few techniques you can employ for organic weed control:
  1. Hand Pulling: Uproot the plant manually from the soil. Make sure you're removing the entire root system to prevent any regrowth.
  2. Mulching: Cover your garden bed with a 3-4 inch layer of organic mulch. This will both prevent light from reaching the weed, and deteriorate into the soil improving its health.
  3. Planting Cover Crops: Plant fast-growing cover crops to out-compete the weed for space and resources. Once the cover crop matures, it can be turned into the soil to improve it.
  4. Solarization: Spread clear plastic sheets over the area where the weed grows during the hottest part of the summer. This will create a greenhouse effect underneath, effectively killing leafy spurge.
  5. Organic Herbicides: Consider using a herbicide made from natural ingredients. However, apply it carefully to avoid harm to other plants.
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Quickly Identify Leafy spurge

1
Milky sap exuded from stems; toxic when broken.
2
Bright yellow-green petal-like bracts surrounding tiny flowers.
3
Explosive dehiscence of tiny, 3-chambered fruit capsules.
4
Lanceolate leaves measuring 1.5-3 inches (3.8-7.6 cm) long.
5
Simple stem with umbrella-like branching pattern; light green color.
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Care Guide for Leafy spurge

Every week
Water
Full sun
Sunlight
5 - 35 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Water: Leafy spurge thrives in variable moisture, demonstrating drought tolerance. It requires weekly watering and consistent indoor humidity. As a herbaceous perennial, its water needs peak during the growing season for optimal growth and resilience.
Fertilize: Leafy spurge requires minimal fertilizer for optimal growth, thriving even in poor, well-drained soils. Fertilization is only necessary when lower leaves show yellowing, indicating nutrient deficiency. At this point, apply half-strength liquid fertilizer to sustain the plant for several months.
Propagation: Leafy spurge propagates best in spring and autumn via division, with moderate difficulty. New growth from divided sections signals success. Maintaining optimal soil moisture is essential for effective propagation.
Repotting: Repot leafy spurge every 2-3 years in early spring using a pot slightly larger for healthy growth. Ensure proper drainage for its bushy form and provide bright light post-repotting. Avoid overwatering to support swift recovery and promote thriving conditions.
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