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French broom
Also known as: Cape broom, White broom
French broom (Genista monspessulana) is an evergreen shrub native to the Mediterranean region. This species is often sold as a houseplant or for planters for gardens. However, it can become an invasive species if introduced into a new region.
Scientific classification
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Toxic to Humans
Toxicity
Perennial
Lifespan
Shrub
Plant Type
Spring
Bloom Time
Spring, Summer
Harvest Time
1 m to 2.5 m
Plant Height
2 m
Spread
Green
Leaf Color
1.5 cm to 6 cm
Flower Size
Evergreen
Leaf type
10 - 32 ℃
Ideal Temperature

Images of French broom

Distribution of French broom

Distribution Map
French broom has a native range encompassing parts of Europe and the Mediterranean. It is cultivated and appreciated in various regions for its ornamental qualities. Outside its native habitat, french broom has been introduced to continents including South America, Asia, and Africa. Some areas have reported french broom to be potentially problematic, where it may be considered invasive, especially in regions of the Southern Hemisphere. In these areas, french broom may have an impact on local ecosystems.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Introduced
No species reported
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Habitat
Roadsides, railway lines, gardens, drains, fence lines, disturbed sites, waste areas, waterways, grasslands, open woodlands, forest margins, pastures
Hemisphere Trend Curve
Flowering
Fruiting

Culture

Garden Use
In the garden, french broom is usually planted as an accent shrub or a flowering hedge. Among other uses, it can be included in woodland gardens, dry gardens, and coastal gardens. Although french broom is commonly planted for ornamental reasons, it is better to abstain from it if you live in Australia - on this continent, this introduced species has become an invasive environmental weed.
Symbolism
Humility, Neatness
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Toxicity

French broom contains toxic alkaloids in its flowers and seeds, posing a moderate toxicity risk to cats and dogs if ingested. Any part of the plant can lead to poisoning, with symptoms including gastrointestinal upset and lethargy. If ingestion is suspected, immediate veterinary care is crucial.
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RELATED: Toxicity of French broom

Weed Control

French broom originates from Europe, particularly the Mediterranean basin. This plant is considered a weed due to its prolific reproductive traits and aggressive spreading ability. Its robust adaptability allows it to thrive in a variety of conditions, which combined with its rapid growth and high seed production, makes controlling its spread challenging, especially in gardens. French broom can jeopardize the diversity of native plants, as it readily outcompetes other species for resources. Additionally, it poses fire risks due to its dry, flammable foliage. If you choose to grow this plant, often recognizable by yellow, pea-like flowers, stay vigilant about its management to contain its invasiveness. French broom mainly reproduces through seed dispersal, which are carried away by wind or animals, underlining its competence in colonizing new habitats.
How to Control It
The best season to address french broom is usually before the peak of the growing season, early spring or late winter. It is crucial to act before the plant sets seed.
  1. Manual removal: Dig up plants, ensuring complete root removal to prevent regrowth. Use a gardening fork to loosen the soil, then pull the french broom plant by hand, taking care not to leave root fragments.
  2. Mulching: Lay a thick layer of organic mulch, such as straw or wood chips, around desired plants to suppress the growth of french broom. This will also help improve soil quality and retain moisture.
  3. Targeted grazing: Utilize animals like goats to graze on french broom, as they can effectively control the plant without the need for chemicals. Monitor the grazing to ensure only french broom is being consumed and not your other plants.
  4. Regular pruning: Contain french broom by cutting it back annually, ideally before it blooms. Use sharp shears to make clean cuts, reducing the size and spread.
  5. Biocontrol: Introduce natural enemies of french broom, such as certain insects or pathogens that are known to limit its growth. Ensure compatibility with your garden's ecosystem.
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Care Guide for French broom

Every 1-2 weeks
Water
Full sun
Sunlight
10 - 32 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Water: French broom thrives in the Mediterranean climate, favoring sporadic water. It prefers dry soil, requiring watering every 1-2 weeks. Typically grown outdoors, french broom adapts well to seasonal rainfall, needing less irrigation during dormancy.
Fertilize: For french broom, use balanced fertilizers in early spring and mid-summer at a handful per square meter. Avoid over-fertilization to protect blooms. Reduce frequency in late fall during dormancy. Opt for slow-release granules and water thoroughly post-application for effective nutrient absorption.
Pruning: French broom is a shrub with yellow flowers and invasive potential. Prune in late spring post-flowering by cutting back one-third of old wood to promote new growth, enhance air circulation, and control growth. This practice reduces pest issues and fire hazards.
Propagation: Propagation of french broom is best achieved via cuttings in spring and summer, with moderate difficulty. Success is indicated by new growth, highlighting the need for healthy parent plants and optimal rooting conditions.
Repotting: Repot french broom every 2-3 years in spring using a larger pot to support its rapid growth. After repotting, maintain moist soil and provide ample light. Regular pruning is essential to keep french broom healthy and manageable.
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