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Christmas rose
Also known as: Melampode
Christmas rose (Helleborus niger) is a flowering evergreen perennial plant that is often grown in ornamental gardens because it flowers in the winter. Planting christmas rose is particularly common in cottage garden styles. In the wild, christmas rose grows in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, and Croatia. This plant is considered somewhat difficult to grow and requires moist, alkaline-rich soil.
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Toxic to Human & Pets
Toxicity
Perennial
Lifespan
Herb
Plant Type
Spring
Bloom Time
Mid winter, Late winter, Spring
Harvest Time
10 cm to 30 cm
Plant Height
30 cm to 45 cm
Spread
Green
Leaf Color
5 cm to 10 cm
Flower Size
Green
Fruit Color
White, Pink, Green, Cream
Flower Color
Green, White, Pink
Stem Color
Summer dormancy
Dormancy
Evergreen
Leaf type

Images of Christmas rose

Distribution of Christmas rose

Distribution Map
Christmas rose (Helleborus niger) is a flowering shrub native to several mainland European countries and introduced in others. It is also found as an introduced species in New York state. This plant isn't classed as an invasive species in its beloved woodland habitat, and it is grown ornamentally in temperate climates.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Introduced
No species reported
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Habitat
Woods, thickets, mountains, grassland
Hemisphere Trend Curve
Flowering
Fruiting

Culture

Garden Use
Christmas rose is a real asset to the gardener looking for floral color in winter. It is a plant that tolerates shade well, so it can also be used in wooded areas or underneath trees. Since the plant spreads out over time, it can be used for an attractive ground cover. It is a very traditional garden plant, especially in the UK, and while it can be challenging to make it thrive, many people attempt to keep the christmas rose. Hostas, Coral bells, and Columbines are good complimentary plantings, especially since they will all bloom at different times.
Symbolism
Serenity, tranquility, peace, scandal, anxiety
Interesting Facts
Although the Christmas rose resembles traditional roses, it is actually a member of the buttercup family, making it poisonous. It is steeped in tradition. Legend states that the shepherd Madelon didn’t have a present to give the Christ child, and when she began to cry, an angel brushed away the snow to reveal a pretty white rose.
Name Story
Christmas rose: Helleborus niger is commonly called the Christmas rose which is based on the old legend that it sprouted in the snow from the tears of a young girl who did not have a gift for the Christ child in Bethlehem.
Black hellebore: The black hellebore was described by Carl Linnaeus in volume one of his Species Plantarum in 1753. The latin specific epithet niger may refer to the colour of the roots. Even though the flowers are not black, it is still called the black hellebore.
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Cultivars

There are several recognized cultivars of Christmas rose, including the following common varieties :

Toxicity

Christmas rose plants are highly toxic if ingested by humans, dogs, and cats, causing symptoms like vomiting, gastrointestinal distress, and excessive salivation. All parts contain harmful compounds. In severe cases, especially with root ingestion, poisoning can be fatal. Immediate medical assistance is crucial if ingestion occurs.
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RELATED: Toxicity of Christmas rose

Quickly Identify Christmas rose

1
Solitary cup-shaped flowers, 3 inches (7.5 cm) wide, with white to rose sepals and yellow stamens.
2
Stiff leaves with deep palmate divisions and creamy-white to pink blossoms.
3
Clustered green capsules with long beaked structures, surrounded by persistent sepals.
4
Robust, slightly exposed stem, up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter, with light green to pale brown color.
5
Dark green palmately compound leaves with 7-9 leaflets, irregularly toothed or serrated.
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Care Guide for Christmas rose

Every 1-2 weeks
Water
Partial sun
Sunlight
5 - 35 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Potting Mix, Garden Soil
Soil Type
Water: Christmas rose, native to alpine regions, thrives in cold climates with moderate rainfall. It requires watering every 1-2 weeks and retains leaves year-round. As an evergreen, christmas rose absorbs moisture from the air in winter when water is limited.
Fertilize: For optimal growth and blooming of christmas rose, use a balanced fertilizer in early spring, switching to high-phosphorus before bloom. Fertilize every 4-6 weeks with a diluted solution, stopping in late fall. Caution against over-fertilization, and novitiate gardeners should wear gloves and follow instructions.
Pruning: Christmas rose thrives with minimal pruning, best done in early spring to remove damaged leaves and spent blooms, promoting air circulation and disease prevention. Avoid heavy pruning to ensure flowering; regular thinning of congested growth supports overall health and vigor.
Propagation: Christmas rose can be propagated by division. Carefully separate root clumps, ensuring each section has roots and part of the crown. Plant in well-drained soil with partial shade, water regularly, and avoid disturbing the soil to promote successful growth.
Repotting: Repot christmas rose every 2-3 years in early spring for healthy growth. It prefers a slightly larger pot and reaches 12-18 inches in height. Use a well-draining potting mix, keep the soil moist, and provide shade after repotting to enhance christmas rose's blooming potential.
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