Black ironwood - Krugiodendron ferreum (Care, Characteristics, Distribution, Images)

Black ironwood

Also known as: Ironwood

Black ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum) is a tree with some of the densest wood available. It is so dense, that it will sink in salt water. The wood from this evergreen will withstand the effects of saltwater better than iron (hence its name). It is slow growing and produces edible fruit.

Scientific classification

Species

Black ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum)

Roses, elms, figs, and allies

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree, Shrub

Plant Type

Spring, Summer, Fall

Bloom Time

Summer, Fall

Harvest Time

1 m to 10 m

Plant Height

8 m

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

2.5 cm

Flower Size

Black

Fruit Color

Yellow, Green

Flower Color

Non-dormant

Dormancy

Images of Black ironwood

Distribution of Black ironwood

Distribution Map

The plant black ironwood, known by its scientific name Krugiodendron ferreum, has a natural distribution that spans the subtropical and tropical environments of the Caribbean region and the eastern stretches of Central America. It is also native to parts of the northern regions of South America. Beyond its original range, black ironwood has been successfully introduced and cultivated in different areas, adapting to climates similar to its place of origin.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Hammocks, thickets and mangrove woodlands

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Interesting Facts

Fallen twigs from the tree will sink when dropped in water because the wood is so dense. The extreme hardness of the wood along with its straight grain, makes it an exceptional wood to make bows, arrows and furniture. The wood’s density gives it a high polished shine and is sought after when making turned legs on chairs and tables.

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Care Guide for Black ironwood

Every 2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

20 - 38 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Black ironwood prefers well-drained soils and is moderate drought-tolerant once established, thriving in conditions similar to its native coastal habitats. Water every two weeks. It is suitable for outdoor growth and xeriscaping in coastal climates.

Fertilize: Fertilize black ironwood in spring using high nitrogen fertilizers every 4-6 weeks (2-1-1 ratio), applying up to 1/4 cup per plant. Switch to a balanced feed during fruiting. Prevent fertilizer burn by diluting and apply to damp soil; stop fertilization in dormancy for optimal health.

Pruning: Black ironwood is a drought-tolerant shrub with durable wood and appealing leaves. Prune from early to late winter to support airflow and reduce stress. Regular pruning minimizes disease and promotes growth; remove dead branches and shape without exceeding one-third of the plant's size.

Propagation: Black ironwood is ideally propagated in Spring through cutting and layering methods, exhibiting moderate difficulty. New leaf growth indicates success, but patience is essential as rooting may take time.

Repotting: Black ironwood should be repotted every 2-3 years in early spring. Use a slightly larger pot with well-draining soil. Water regularly without causing waterlogging. Provide bright indirect light during recovery, and handle gently to protect its unique root system.

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