Lemon basil (Ocimum africanum)

Lemon basil

Also known as: Wild basil

Lemon basil, hoary basil, Thai lemon basil, or Lao basil, (Ocimum × africanum) is a hybrid between basil (Ocimum basilicum) and American basil (Ocimum americanum). The herb is grown primarily in northeastern Africa and southern Asia for its fragrant lemon scent, and is used in cooking. Lemon basil stems can grow to 20–40 cm (8–20 in) tall. It has white flowers in late summer to early fall. The leaves are similar to basil leaves, but tend to be narrower with slightly serrated edges. Seeds form on the plant after flowering and dry on the plant. Lemon basil is a popular herb in Arabic, Indonesian, Philippines, Lao, Malay, Persian and Thai cuisine.

Scientific classification

Species

Lemon basil (Ocimum africanum)

Mints plantains olives and allies

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Annual

Lifespan

Herb

Plant Type

Late spring, Early fall, Mid fall

Harvest Time

50 cm

Plant Height

50 cm

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

10 cm to 14 cm

Flower Size

White, Purple

Flower Color

Distribution of Lemon basil

Distribution Map

Lemon basil, originally native to parts of Asia, has established itself in several regions across the globe. Its range now extends to the Americas, with a notable presence in South and Central America, showcasing the plant’s adaptability to a variety of climates beyond its ancestral lands.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Homesteads

Care Guide for Lemon basil

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

20 - 38 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Lemon basil, native to tropical regions, thrives in high humidity. It prefers balanced watering, ideally once every 1-2 weeks, and is moderately drought-tolerant. As an herbaceous plant, lemon basil exhibits rapid growth during the rainy season when water is abundant.

Fertilize: To maintain lemon basil health, feed every 2-4 weeks with balanced fertilizers (10-10-10 NPK). For foliage growth, use high-nitrogen options. Dilute to half-strength, apply to soil, and water before and after. Reduce feeding in winter and avoid over-fertilizing to protect lemon basil.

Pruning: Lemon basil is a fragrant herb with a citrus scent, requiring pruning in early to late spring. Trim one-third to promote bushier growth and remove any dead parts. Regular pinching encourages leaf production, enhances air circulation, and extends its productive lifespan.

Propagation: Lemon basil grows best in well-draining, consistently moist soil. Use a light seed mix and press seeds gently. Provide ample sunlight post-emergence, and thin seedlings to prevent overcrowding. Regular pinching encourages bushiness; transplant after establishing a stable root system.

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