Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)

Shortleaf pine

Also known as: Southern yellow pine, Arkansas pine, Shortleaf yellow pine, Spruce pine, Arkansas soft pine, Rosemary pine

Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) is a pine tree species native to the eastern United States. Its numbers have been declining in the last 30 years. An effort is underway to reestablish shortleaf pine growth, as it is important to the lumber industry. In addition, shortleaf pine plays a role in ecosystem diversity.

Scientific classification

Species

Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree

Plant Type

Spring, Summer

Bloom Time

Summer, Fall

Harvest Time

24 m to 30 m

Plant Height

6 m to 12 m

Spread

Green, Blue

Leaf Color

Evergreen

Leaf type

10 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Rapid

Growth Rate

Images of Shortleaf pine

Attributes of Shortleaf pine

Growth Rate

During spring and summer, shortleaf pine exhibits a rapid growth rate, swiftly developing in height and density. This speed fuels an abundant needle production, enabling it to maximize photosynthesis during the longer daylight hours. Shortleaf pine's accelerated growth also supports the quick replenishment of any winter-damaged foliage, enhancing the tree's overall resilience. Though growth slows down during other seasons, the concentrated spurt in the warmer months is instrumental in this conifer's lifecycle.

Distribution of Shortleaf pine

Distribution Map

Shortleaf pine is a conifer native to the southeastern part of North America. It has also been introduced to eastern Asia, where it adds to the region's coniferous flora. This species prefers temperate climates and is often found in the hilly areas of its native range.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Old fields, woods

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

Shortleaf pine is a popular ornamental pine to use in sandy coastal gardens and woodland gardens. When it's small, it works well as a screen in gardens, but when it's larger, it makes a good specimen or border tree. The evergreen needles provide year-round interest in sunny locations. The needles are unappetizing to deer, but butterflies and birds will flock to this tree.

Symbolism

Hope, Pity

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Quickly Identify Shortleaf pine

Slender, dark bluish-green needles in bundles of two or three, 3-5 inches (7.6-12.7 cm) long.

Distinctive bark transformation from scaly dark to flat and textured reddish-brown or yellowish-brown.

Symmetrical, ovoid cones with spines on scales, 1.5-2.5 inches (3.8-6.4 cm) in length.

Male cones pale purple, female cones soft pink; seed release from September to winter.

Slender, rough reddish-brown stem, irregular branching with thin, flexible branches, forming a sparse, open crown.

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Care Guide for Shortleaf pine

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

10 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Shortleaf pine prefers well-drained soils in temperate coniferous forests and adapts to occasional droughts. Water every 1-2 weeks, allowing soil to dry slightly. As an evergreen, shortleaf pine needs consistent moisture during growth but is less demanding in winter.

Fertilize: Fertilizing shortleaf pine with balanced nutrition every 3-4 months during active growth promotes robust growth and resilience. Apply 1-2 pounds per inch of trunk diameter, reducing amounts in autumn. Water after application for better absorption and avoid over-fertilization to protect the root system.

Pruning: Shortleaf pine features medium to tall stature and needle-like leaves. Pruning should focus on dead, damaged, or diseased branches during early to late winter when dormant. Proper cuts enhance airflow and growth, while also mitigating pests and promoting structural health.

Propagation: Shortleaf pine can be propagated through cuttings by selecting healthy, semi-hardwood segments. Clean cuts and dusting with rooting hormone promote rooting in well-draining soil. Consistent moisture and warmth are essential, while avoiding waterlogging to prevent fungal problems. With care, cuttings grow into strong trees.

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