Turkey oak (Quercus cerris)

Turkey oak

Also known as: Austrian oak

Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) is a deciduous tree that is native to southeastern Europe and parts of Asia. It is often cultivated as an ornamental tree and planted as a coastal windbreak. The tree’s flowers are greenish-yellow, wind-pollinated catkins that take 18 months to mature into acorns. The acorns are a food source for wild birds and squirrels.

Scientific classification

Species

Turkey oak (Quercus cerris)

Beeches, walnuts, and allied trees

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree

Plant Type

2.5 cm

Flower Size

Brown, Copper

Fruit Color

Yellow, Green

Flower Color

Green

Stem Color

Deciduous

Leaf type

5 - 32 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Spring

Growth Season

Moderate

Growth Rate

Images of Turkey oak

Distribution of Turkey oak

Distribution Map

Turkey oak is a tree species native to South-Eastern Europe and parts of Western Asia. Its natural range encompasses broadleaved forests in temperate regions. Beyond its native territories, turkey oak has been introduced to North-Western Europe and far-off locales like New Zealand, where it is also cultivated. This spread illustrates its adaptability and success in a variety of climates outside its original habitat.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Hedges, thickets, woods

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Toxicity

Turkey oak has mild toxicity to humans, cats, and dogs due to tannins in all parts of the plant. Symptoms include gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In severe cases, headaches, dizziness, or difficulty breathing may occur. Immediate veterinary care is necessary if pets consume turkey oak to prevent further health issues.

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Quickly Identify Turkey oak

Distinctive yellow-green male flowers in elongated catkins, 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) long.

Rough, dark green leaves, lanceolate to oblong, with 3-8 pairs of lobes.

Bristly cups cover half of 0.5-1 inch (1.27-2.54 cm) acorns in small clusters.

Rugged, deeply furrowed bark with dark ridges contrasting orange fissures.

Branches with raised leaf scars and reddish-brown buds in clusters with 3+ scales.

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Care Guide for Turkey oak

Every 3 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

5 - 32 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Well-suited for dry conditions, turkey oak thrives with infrequent watering, ideally every three weeks. Its water needs vary seasonally, requiring more during growth and less as it enters dormancy, supporting its natural resilience and avoiding excess moisture that may cause harm.

Fertilize: Fertilization is crucial for turkey oak's growth and health. Apply balanced nutrition fertilizers in spring at the recommended rate. High nitrogen variants promote leaf development. Avoid over-fertilization and ensure soil watering post-application. Use gloves for safety, and fertilization frequency decreases as turkey oak matures.

Pruning: The deciduous turkey oak thrives with early spring pruning. Remove dead or crossing branches to enhance structure and promote air circulation. Prune during dormant periods to reduce stress and pest risks, ensuring long-term health and an attractive appearance.

Propagation: Turkey oak is hardy and versatile, best propagated by sowing. Successful germination requires stratification. Use well-draining soil, maintain consistent moisture, and ensure adequate sunlight while protecting saplings from harsh conditions and pests. Careful handling during transplantation enhances root establishment in its permanent site.

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Images of Turkey oak

Distribution of Turkey oak

Toxicity

Quickly Identify Turkey oak

Care Guide for Turkey oak

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