Staghorn sumac - Rhus typhina (Care, Characteristics, Invasive, Images, Toxic)

Staghorn sumac

Also known as: Red sumac, Vinegar tree

The dried bobs of the staghorn sumac are occasionally used by beekeepers for their smokers. Except for the roots, all parts of the plant can be used to make dyes or dye mordants; the tannins in the sap help prevent the dye colors from fading. Luna moth caterpillars feed on Rhus typhina, and pheasants and wild turkeys pick at the fruits.

Scientific classification

Species

Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina)

Maples, mangos, mahogany, citrus, and allies

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Toxic to Humans

Toxicity

Perennial

Lifespan

Tree, Shrub

Plant Type

Summer

Bloom Time

Summer, Early fall

Harvest Time

5 m to 12 m

Plant Height

6 m

Spread

Green, Red, Orange

Leaf Color

4 cm to 6 cm

Flower Size

Red

Fruit Color

Green, Yellow, Red

Flower Color

Red, Green, Brown

Stem Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Deciduous

Leaf type

0 - 32 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Spring, Summer

Growth Season

Rapid

Growth Rate

Images of Staghorn sumac

Attributes of Staghorn sumac

Growth Rate

With a rapid growth rate, staghorn sumac dramatically expands during Spring and Summer, resulting in increased height and robust leaf production. Its fast-paced growth confers an adaptive advantage over slower growing species, supporting an early leaf flush in Spring. Patches of staghorn sumac often mono-dominate open spaces, forming dense stands that capitalize on the quick growth.

Distribution of Staghorn sumac

Distribution Map

Staghorn sumac is native to the eastern and central US, Quebec, and Ontario, where it grows along roadsides, swamps, streams, and woodland edges. It has been introduced in Kazakhstan, China, and across southern Europe and is considered an invasive weed in parts of the US and the Czech Republic.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Dry and poor soil

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

Staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) is popular for its peculiar red fruits and long-lasting leaves which shade deep oranges and reds in fall. Since this is a tall-growing shrub it is best placed at the back of beds and borders where it is a valued addition to informal or cottage gardens. Staghorn sumac combines well with Aster 'Little Carlow', Jerusalem sage, and tufted hair grass.

Symbolism

Love and compassion, rebirth

Interesting Facts

From a distance, staghorn sumac are a red scenic view and its tall trees show their enthusiasm to the people. In the Victorian era, staghorn sumac was always popular. But because of its super-fecundity and invasiveness, it has been listed as a weed in the United States.

Name Story

Staghorn sumac: Although it is not related to plants from the Toxicodendron genus, they both have sumac in their names. Its soft texture and branching pattern reminds people of antlers, so it is called Staghorn sumac. Furthermore, the specific epithet, typhina holds the meaning of "the branches are rough like antlers in velvet".

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Cultivars

There are several recognized cultivars of Staghorn sumac, including the following common varieties :

Staghorn sumac 'Dissecta'

Toxicity

Staghorn sumac sap may cause skin rash in susceptible individuals. Despite lacking features like axillary particles and smooth fruit seen in other harmful Rhus species, caution is advised with direct contact.

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Quickly Identify Staghorn sumac

Velvet-like fuzzy young branches resembling stag's antlers.

Large pinnately compound leaves up to 2 feet (60 cm) long.

Vivid red drupes persisting through winter on female plants.

Rough-textured, lanceolate leaflets with serrate margins.

Distinctive reddish-brown hairy stem with velvety texture.

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Care Guide for Staghorn sumac

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

0 - 32 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Water: Staghorn sumac thrives in temperate regions and prefers consistent moisture, tolerating brief dry periods. Water every 1-2 weeks, keeping soil evenly moist but not waterlogged. Typically grown outdoors, staghorn sumac flourishes in climates with seasonal rains during its active growth season.

Fertilize: For staghorn sumac, apply a balanced fertilizer in spring to encourage strong growth. Use high-nitrogen formulas for foliage, following packaging for dosing. Benefits include vigorous growth and better fruiting. Avoid over-fertilization, adjusting based on plant size and soil fertility. Always water after fertilizing to enhance nutrient uptake.

Pruning: Staghorn sumac, celebrated for its stunning autumn colors, thrives with proper pruning. Essential methods involve removing dead wood, thinning branches, and ensuring a balanced form. Early spring is ideal for pruning, promoting growth, preventing disease, and enhancing overall appearance.

Propagation: Staghorn sumac is propagated through cuttings, requiring healthy, semi-wooden stems. After treating the cut end with rooting hormone, place it in moist, well-draining soil. Maintain consistent humidity and warmth for successful rooting, which may take several weeks.

Repotting: Repot staghorn sumac every 2-3 years in spring for optimal growth. This hardy shrub can grow up to 25 feet and needs a deep container with good drainage. After repotting, water generously and place in full sun to partial shade. Regular pruning ensures robust growth.

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Images of Staghorn sumac

Attributes of Staghorn sumac

Distribution of Staghorn sumac

Culture

Cultivars

Toxicity

Quickly Identify Staghorn sumac

Care Guide for Staghorn sumac

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