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Johnson grass
Also known as: Sudan grass, Evergreen millet
Experts consider johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) to be one of the ten worst weeds in the world. If frost or heat causes the plant to wilt, it can produce enough hydrogen cyanide to kill livestock. It grows at such a prodigious rate, it can choke out other crops. It’s named after Colonel William Johnson, an Alabama plantation owner who sowed lots of its seed around 1840.
Scientific classification
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Toxic to Humans
Toxicity
Weeds
Weed or not
Perennial
Lifespan
Grass
Plant Type
Summer, Fall
Bloom Time
Summer, Fall
Harvest Time
50 cm to 1.5 m
Plant Height
Brown, Pink, Purple
Flower Color
Green
Stem Color
Winter dormancy
Dormancy
Deciduous
Leaf type
0 - 38 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Summer, Fall
Growth Season
Rapid
Growth Rate

Images of Johnson grass

Distribution of Johnson grass

Distribution Map
Johnson grass is native to most of Asia and North Africa. It was introduced into North America in the 1800s as cattle forage and is also naturalized in South America and much of Africa and Europe. It is generally considered an invasive agricultural pest. It grows aggressively in dry, open habitats like grasslands and pastures.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Introduced
No species reported
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Habitat
Dry open habitats
Hemisphere Trend Curve

Culture

Symbolism
Psychic powers, Protection. It symbolizes food, concealment and hardiness.
Name Story
Johnson grass: The plant is named after an Alabama plantation owner, Colonel Wiliam Johnson who sowed the seeds on the river-bottom of farmland in circa 1840.
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Toxicity

Human poisoning from johnson grass may occur if mistaken for edible sorghum. Cats and dogs risk poisoning from ingesting johnson grass leaves, exhibiting symptoms of discomfort and illness. It is critical to keep johnson grass out of pets' reach and seek immediate veterinary care if poisoning is suspected. The risk increases under stress conditions like drought or frost.
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Weed Control

Johnson grass is thought to be native to the Mediterranean region, though the exact range is disputed. It is now present throughout Africa, Asia, Europe, the Americas, and Oceania. It is considered a serious weed in at least 53 countries. In the United States, it is listed as invasive in over half the states and is reported as an agricultural weed in most states of the southeast. It has been cultivated as fodder or forage crop. However, it is toxic to some animals, presents a fire risk, competes with and can be toxic to other plants, and reduces soil fertility. Its extensive rhizome system and aggressive seed production allow it to establish and spread quickly. It commonly invades agricultural fields and is an alternative host for various crops. An integrative management approach using competitive crop rotation, repeated tillage, and herbicides is recommended to control johnson grass.
How to Control It
For effective removal of johnson grass, fall is the ideal season, preferably before the plant seeds. This not only restricts the spread of johnson grass but also lessens the chance of regrowth in the next season. Here are some methods to assist with the control or removal of this plant:
  1. Handpulling: Begin by watering the area that johnson grass is growing, this will make the soil softer. Gently pull the plant from the root, make sure not to yank it to avoid leaving any part of the root behind.
  2. Solarization: In the summer, clear the area of any plant matter and cover it with a clear plastic tarp. Leave the tarp in place for about four to six weeks. The heat will kill johnson grass and its seeds.
  3. Smothering: Lay a thick layer of newspaper or cardboard over the grass and cover it up with compost or manure. Leave it through the winter. This method starves johnson grass of sunlight, which it needs to grow.
  4. Vinegar spray: Mix a solution of one part water to one part vinegar. Spray this mixture directly onto johnson grass. Do this on a hot day and the plant will start to die off in a few days.
  5. Planting competitive species: Plant a variety of fast-growing plants that can out-compete johnson grass for resources, thereby suppressing its growth.
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Quickly Identify Johnson grass

1
Tall stature: Reaches 2-7 feet (0.6-2.1 meters) in height.
2
Dense bunches: Forms sturdy stems with coarse leaves.
3
Long panicle: Flowers in lanceolate or pyramidal clusters up to 18 inches long.
4
Capsule fruit: Ripens in late summer, measuring 1 inch with dry outer layer.
5
Smooth stems: Light green, terete, and glabrous, reaching 6-8 feet in height.
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Care Guide for Johnson grass

Twice per week
Water
Full sun
Sunlight
0 - 38 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Garden Soil
Soil Type
Water: Johnson grass adapts well to periods of moisture availability and demonstrates drought tolerance. Watering should be moderate, about twice a week, to maintain soil moisture. During peak growth seasons, increased water supply is essential to meet the plant's heightened demands.
Propagation: Johnson grass propagates best in Spring and Autumn via division, which can be moderately challenging. Success is indicated by new growth on the separated sections. Ensuring proper root separation is essential for healthy propagation.
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