King fern (Todea barbara)

King fern

King fern (Todea barbara) is a striking upright fern that is so rare in the wild that is classed as Threatened - Nationally Vulnerable by the New Zealand Threat Classification System (NZTCS). It is threatened by weeds, habitat loss, and collection for horticulture. It is a popular ornamental plant that grows best in acidic soils in shady locations similar to its forest home.

Scientific classification

Species

King fern (Todea barbara)

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Perennial

Lifespan

Fern

Plant Type

3 m

Plant Height

1 m to 2 m

Spread

Evergreen

Leaf type

Images of King fern

Distribution of King fern

Distribution Map

King fern is a fern that is naturally found across the southern hemisphere, primarily distributed in temperate regions and southern subtropical zones. It is native to parts of the southern African continent and also occurs in Oceania. Additionally, king fern has been cultivated beyond its original habitat, allowing it to be introduced in various other regions with suitable growing conditions.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Streamsides, rainforest gullies and other wet spots in tall open forest

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Care Guide for King fern

Twice per week

Water

Partial sun

Sunlight

20 - 38 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: King fern prefers high humidity and consistent moisture, requiring twice-weekly watering to mimic its tropical habitat. As an evergreen plant, it thrives indoors with increased air moisture from misting or pebble trays, essential for maintaining its lush fronds away from its natural environment.

Fertilize: For king fern, use a high-nitrogen fertilizer quarterly during spring and summer at 1/4 strength to enhance foliage and prevent root burn. Reduce fertilization in winter, ensuring even application around the base. Always water king fern before fertilizing to aid absorption and prevent shock.

Pruning: King fern features lush, arching fronds and thrives in moist, shaded areas. Prune in early spring to remove damaged fronds and enhance air circulation, avoiding healthy ones. Regular maintenance promotes new growth. Use clean, sharp tools to prevent disease and ensure a thriving plant.

Propagation: To propagate king fern, divide the rhizome while preserving fronds and root mass. Pot divisions in a high organic matter, well-draining mix. Ensure consistent moisture and dappled shade for thriving growth.

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