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Top 20 Most Common Toxic Plants in Botswana

Botswana's semi-arid climate, with seasonal rains and varied habitats from the Kalahari Desert to the Okavango Delta, supports diverse flora, including Golden dewdrops, Sago palm, and Castor bean. These conditions potentially favor the proliferation of toxic plants. Despite Botswana's rich biodiversity, the prevalence of poisonous flora poses a threat to both humans and grazing wildlife, warranting monitoring and research into these species.

Icon common plants
Most Common Toxic Plants
Golden dewdrops
1. Golden dewdrops
Golden dewdrops (Duranta erecta) is an ornamental sprawling shrub commonly found in subtropical and tropical gardens all over the world. Its gentle purple blossoms are often visited by butterflies and hummingbirds. Golden dewdrops is considered a weed in Australia, South Africa and certain parts of East Asia.
Toxic to:
Human
Sago palm
2. Sago palm
Many species within the Cycas revoluta genus are highly toxic to dogs - if you suspect your dog has ingested any part of a sago palm plant, you should contact a vet immediately. The Sago palm is a very common ornamental and is the most common culprit. These plants contain high concentrations of the cycasin toxin, which is found throughout their structures but is most concentrated in their seeds. Ingesting even a small amount of cycasin can cause vomiting and diarrhea. Larger amounts can cause damage to the intestines and liver, coma, or death.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Bird of paradise
3. Bird of paradise
Bird of paradise is generally considered non-toxic but can be poisonous when ingested in large quantities. Cases of poisoning are typically mild to moderate with symptoms including abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Cases of poisoning may be more serious in children. The fruit and seeds are considered to be the most toxic parts of the plant. The frequent use of this plant as a houseplant could be a factor in poisoning frequency. This plant can be mistaken for another more toxic species, Poinciana gilliesii, as they share the same common name, bird of paradise.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
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Castor bean
4. Castor bean
The castor bean is important for its oil which is used as a lubricant, biodiesel ingredient, and rodent repellent, among other applications. The plants are now commercially planted globally, with India producing nearly 75% of the world's castor oil. Castor beans cannot be eaten because they contain a potent poison that's released if the seed is broken.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Jerusalem cherry
5. Jerusalem cherry
True to this plant's reputation, consumption of jerusalem cherry can be extremely toxic to dogs, and warrants immediate veterinary attention. All parts of these plants contain several toxic substances which can cause loss of appetite, excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, dilated pupils, confusion, behavioral changes, and weakness. In more severe cases, difficulty breathing, a lowered heart rate, coma, or even death may occur, so treat it as a medical emergency if your pet has come into contact with this plant.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Prostrate sandmat
6. Prostrate sandmat
Prostrate sandmat (Euphorbia prostrata) is a plant species native to tropical regions of North and South America and the central United States. Prostrate sandmat has spread all over the globe and is considered an invasive species. This resilient plant often sprouts up through cracks in asphalt on roadsides.
Toxic to:
Human
Bearded iris
7. Bearded iris
Bearded iris is known to cause contact dermatitis in some individuals. The most commonly reported symptom is minor skin irritation, typically lasting only a few minutes. This can result from contact with the seeds, roots, or sap of this plant. Furthermore, all parts of bearded iris are toxic when ingested, especially the roots. Symptoms typically including minor or moderate burning sensations, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. This plant is most often encountered in a garden context, where it is planted as an ornamental.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Flame lily
8. Flame lily
Flame lily (Gloriosa superba) is a climbing flowering plant also known as the tiger claw, fire lily, and creeping lily. Flame lily attracts sunbirds and butterflies. This plant is extremely toxic when ingested.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Mexican fireplant
9. Mexican fireplant
Mexican fireplant is native to tropical America, but it has been naturalized in other tropical and subtropical regions in the world. *Euphorbia heterophylla* is a poisonous plant to humans and livestock. It contains a toxic milky sap which can cause strong skin irritation.
Toxic to:
Human
Potato
10. Potato
True to this plant's reputation, consumption of potato can be extremely toxic to dogs, and warrants immediate veterinary attention. All parts of these plants contain several toxic substances which can cause loss of appetite, excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, dilated pupils, confusion, behavioral changes, and weakness. In more severe cases, difficulty breathing, a lowered heart rate, coma, or even death may occur, so treat it as a medical emergency if your pet has come into contact with this plant.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Pokeweed
11. Pokeweed
Although its berries look juicy and tempting, the fruits and the root of pokeweed are toxic and should not be eaten. Pokeweed is considered a pest species by farmers but is nevertheless often grown as an ornamental plant. Its berries can be made into pokeberry ink as well.
Toxic to:
Human
Common corncockle
12. Common corncockle
Common corncockle (Agrostemma githago) is an annual that will grow to 91 cm tall. Its purple blooms flower from spring to summer with seeds ripening from summer to fall. Considered a weed in cultivated farm areas it can be a nice addition to the home garden. The rigid stems make it an excellent choice for a cut flower arrangement.
Toxic to:
Human
Angel's trumpet
13. Angel's trumpet
The flowers of angel's trumpet (Brugmansia arborea) are highly aromatic. This species grows best in moist, well-drained soil.
Toxic to:
Human
Mexican prickly poppy
14. Mexican prickly poppy
Argemone mexicana has been naturalized in many parts of the world. It is extremely tolerant of drought and poor soil, but is poisonous to grazing animals. Its seed pods secrete a pale yellow latex when cut open. In India, the mexican prickly poppy is used in the Holika Dahan festival, in which adults and children worship by offering flowers.
Toxic to:
Human
Spanish broom
15. Spanish broom
Spanish broom is a deciduous shrub native to the Mediterranean, West Asia, and North Africa. Fragrant yellow pea-like flowers cover the shoots in late spring and summer. It is cultivated for its ornamental value and is used for flavoring and essential oil extraction.
Toxic to:
Human
Brazilian peppertree
16. Brazilian peppertree
Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia) is a flowering plant native to South America that is related to the cashew. Brazilian peppertree is widely cultivated as a houseplant in regions without frost. The plant can cause skin irritation in people with sensitive skin.
Toxic to:
Human
White sapote
17. White sapote
The white sapote (*Casimiroa edulis*) is a fruit-bearing tree indigenous to the eastern part of Mexico and Central America. The fruit starts its life light green in color, and then it gradually turns yellow. A popular name for it is the Mexican apple. The genus name "white sapote" is in honor of Casimiro Gómez, who died in Mexico's war to break free from Spanish control.
Calla lily
18. Calla lily
The calla lily is a well-known ornamental plant with several cultivars receiving the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. The most calla lily cultivars include 'Crowborough', 'Green Goddess', 'Pink Mist', and 'Red Desire'. They are popular as a cut flower or a rhizomatous herb in warm gardens.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Striped barbados lily
19. Striped barbados lily
Striped barbados lily is perennial herbs with showy flowers but it contains toxic compounds, most notably alkaloids lycorine and tazetine, as well as calcium oxalate crystals.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Dieffenbachia
20. Dieffenbachia
If either ingested or touched, dieffenbachia can cause negative reactions. The symptoms range from moderate to severe and can be dangerous if airways are blocked. Due to the calcium oxalate contained in this plant, its leaves and sap have toxic properties. When ingested, they can induce symptoms such as lip and tongue swelling, drooling, speech loss, and difficulty breathing; when touched, they can cause a painful skin rash or eye irritation. Since these plants are often found indoors as decorative plants, be careful when keeping them around small children. Always wear gloves when handling this plant.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
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More Plants in Botswana

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Most Common Flowers

Botswana boasts a favorable climate and soil conditions that foster the growth of native flowers. Among the most characteristic blossoms are , , and . These flowers contribute to the visual beauty, symbolism, and ecological diversity of the region. They serve as a testament to Botswana's rich floral heritage. Trustworthy sources have confirmed the significance of these flowers in the local environment, making them a captivating sight for both residents and visitors alike.

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Most Common Fruits

Botswana's semi-arid climate and sandy soils are surprisingly hospitable for certain resilient local fruit plants. Thanks to the generous sun and specific irrigation techniques, , , and thrive here. These plants are not just agricultural assets but also cultural treasures. They likely contribute to local cuisine and traditional medicine, reflecting Botswana's heritage and botanic diversity.

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Most Common Trees

In the climatic and soil conditions of Botswana, several native trees flourish. Key examples include the , , and . These emblematic trees hold significant cultural and ecological value for the region. They play a vital role in the local ecosystems and are cherished for their contributions to the environment. While not delving into specific details, it is clear that these trees symbolize the rich biodiversity of Botswana and add to the beauty of its landscape.

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Most Common Weeds

Botswana's warm, semi-arid climate provides a nurturing ground for robust garden weeds. Among the uninvited flora, , , and have proven particularly tenacious. These pervasive weeds pose significant challenges for green-thumbed residents, vying with desired plants for nutrients, space, and sunlight. Effective weed management is a continual endeavor in Botswana's gardens, where these common intruders exhibit a remarkable resilience to control efforts.

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Most Common Tall Trees

Enveloped by semi-arid to subtropical climes, Botswana's landscapes are a harmonious blend of savannas, woodlands, and wetlands—ripe grounds for stratospheric flora. Dominating this botanical theater, , , and rank as the sky-piercing giants of the region. Each stands as a testament to nature's grandiosity, offering crucial ecological services and embodying cultural sagas spun through generations in their commanding presence.

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Most Common Plants

In Botswana, you can find Marijuana, Common lantana, Chinaberry tree, Golden dewdrops, Century plant, and more! There are 909 types of plants in total. Be sure to look out for these common plants when you’re walking on the streets, in parks, or public gardens.

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