Pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus)

Pearl millet

An important subsistence crop, pearl millet is hardy and drought-tolerant. Also known as Cenchrus americanus, it grows well near deserts where the rainfall is low. It has been cultivated in the United States since the 1850s and there are records of this important crop being grown since 2000 B.C.

Scientific classification

Species

Pearl millet (Cenchrus americanus)

Grasses, sedges and allies

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Annual, Perennial

Lifespan

Herb

Plant Type

Summer, Early fall

Bloom Time

90 cm

Plant Height

Semi-evergreen

Leaf type

20 - 38 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Images of Pearl millet

Distribution of Pearl millet

Distribution Map

Pearl millet is native to parts of southern Asia and the Middle East, thriving in varying climates from the Mediterranean to the subtropical and temperate regions of East Asia. Beyond its natural range, pearl millet has been introduced across continents such as both Americas, Africa, Oceania, and sporadically in Europe, revealing its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. It is cultivated in regions outside its native distribution, indicating its establishment and significance in these areas.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Wetlands

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Quickly Identify Pearl millet

Tall, erect growth up to 10 feet (3 meters), distinctive greyish-green foliage.

Cylindrical flower spikes up to 2 feet (60 cm) long, wind-pollinated florets.

Terminal, bottle-brush-like dense raceme, wind-pollinated tiny flowers up to 1¾ feet (53 cm).

Small, rounded grains less than 0.2 inches (5 mm), diverse colors with spines or bristles.

Narrowly lanceolate leaves up to 3 feet (90 cm) long, smooth texture and prominent midrib.

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Care Guide for Pearl millet

Twice per week

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

20 - 38 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Originating from sunny habitats, pearl millet thrives in moderate moisture and benefits from consistent hydration, ideally receiving water twice a week. Its deep root system allows it to access water efficiently, reducing reliance on rainfall during the growing season.

Fertilize: Pearl millet benefits from balanced fertilizers (N-P-K) at planting, followed by monthly high-nitrogen feedings during growth. Start with lighter doses to prevent over-fertilization, especially in young plants. Seasonal adjustments enhance health and yield, ensuring optimal nutrient uptake for all gardeners.

Pruning: Pearl millet, a tall, annual grass known for drought resistance, thrives with light pruning in early to late spring. Remove dead stems and thin to enhance air circulation. Avoid heavy pruning to prevent stunting growth. Regular pruning boosts yield and maintains overall plant health.

Propagation: Pearl millet propagates easily by sowing in well-prepared, moderately fertile, and well-drained soil that warms quickly in spring. Ensure good soil contact and adequate depth for growth. Consistent soil moisture is essential for germination, while thinning may be needed post-germination for optimal development.

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Images of Pearl millet

Distribution of Pearl millet

Quickly Identify Pearl millet

Care Guide for Pearl millet

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