Bitter orange - Citrus × aurantium (Care, Characteristics, Symbolism, Images, Edible)

Bitter orange

Also known as: Seville orange, Mandarin orange, Grapefruit

The bitter orange, or Citrus × aurantium, are an ornamental citrus frequently used as root stock for other types of orange trees. Bitter orange trees are colder hardy than their edible cousins and can be grown in large containers outdoors. The fruit and rind are bitter and sour compared to traditional oranges, but can be used to make marmalade.

Scientific classification

Species

Bitter orange (Citrus × aurantium)

Maples, mangos, mahogany, citrus, and allies

Instantly identify plants with a snap

Snap a photo for instant plant ID, gaining quick insights on disease prevention, treatment, toxicity, care, uses, and symbolism, etc.

Download the App for Free

Toxic to Pets

Toxicity

Perennial

Lifespan

Shrub

Plant Type

Spring, Summer

Bloom Time

Fall, Winter

Harvest Time

6 m to 9 m

Plant Height

6 m

Spread

Green

Leaf Color

2 cm to 3.5 cm

Flower Size

Orange

Fruit Color

White

Flower Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Evergreen

Leaf type

20 - 38 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Images of Bitter orange

Distribution of Bitter orange

Distribution Map

Bitter orange has been introduced to South America, Africa, and Asia where it grows in its native habitat of woodlands. It is not known to be invasive.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

Discover plant distribution and habitat

Gain insights into where plants thrive and how they adapt, helping you identify, cultivate, and protect them with essential information on habitats, distribution maps, and climate trends.

Download the App for Free

Habitat

Woodland Garden Sunny Edge

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Flowering

Fruiting

Culture

Garden Use

Bitter orange is a popular evergreen tree prized for its fragrant blossoms and small fruit. With careful pruning, it is commonly used as a garden ornamental plant and for the fruit. It fits in fruit orchards and grows well with other citrus fruit. Plant it with Scaveola or other groundcovers for color and texture.

Symbolism

Love, Divination, Luck

Interesting Facts

Bitter orange oil extracted from the peel of the ripe fruit is used in the perfume industry.The essential oil neroli, used in aromatherapy, is distilled by steam from the flowers. A by-product of this process is orange blossom water. Neroli oil is said to be named after a 17th-century princess from the town of Nerola in Italy who made extravagant use of it.

Name Story

Bitter orange: In Latin, “citrus” refers to the citron tree, and “aurantium” means golden. In the 9th or 10th century, the Moors introduced the bitter orange to Spain. It was cultivated in the region of Seville, the cultural center of the Arabs, from which comes its other name, Seville orange.

Get quick plant knowledge with a snap

Snap a photo for instant plant identification and learn about its name, symbolism, interesting facts, uses, and more.

Download the App for Free

Cultivars

There are several recognized cultivars of Bitter orange, including the following common varieties :

Citrus fruits 'Moro'

Toxicity

Bitter orange is toxic to cats; symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, and depression after ingestion of any part of the plant. Veterinary attention may be needed. For dogs, flowers, bark, fruit, and leaves are moderately toxic, with symptoms like drooling, vomiting, mild depression, light sensitivity, and diarrhea. Only large amounts pose a severe risk.

Identify toxic plants in your garden

Find out what’s toxic and what’s safe for humans and pets.

Download the App for Free

Care Guide for Bitter orange

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

20 - 38 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Potting Mix, Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Bitter orange originates from a subtropical climate and thrives in humid conditions. It shows moderate drought tolerance and prefers consistent moisture, requiring watering every 1-2 weeks. Sensitive to overwatering during dormancy, bitter orange is at risk of root rot if moisture levels aren't managed properly.

Fertilize: Bitter orange benefits from high phosphorus fertilizers for flowering and fruiting, while balanced fertilizers maintain overall health. Fertilize monthly in spring and summer, and reduce frequency in fall and winter. Water thoroughly after fertilizing to enhance nutrient absorption and prevent root burn. Use slow-release formulas for consistency.

Pruning: Bitter orange, with its aromatic fruit and glossy leaves, thrives with early spring pruning. Trim for shape, remove dead wood, and curb vigorous shoots to enhance sunlight and air circulation, improving fruit quality and yield while minimizing disease risk. Regular pruning ensures a healthy plant.

Propagation: Bitter orange features fragrant white flowers and bitter fruit. Propagate using healthy cuttings with rooting hormone in a well-draining medium. Maintain consistent moisture and provide indirect sunlight for optimal root development and successful establishment.

Repotting: Repot bitter orange every 2-3 years in spring using a pot 2-3 inches larger in diameter. After repotting, provide bright, indirect light and water sparingly until new growth appears. Use well-draining soil and avoid deep pots to prevent waterlogging.

Get tips and tricks for your plants.

Keep your plants happy and healthy with our guide to watering, lighting, feeding and more.

Download the App for Free

Images of Bitter orange

Distribution of Bitter orange

Culture

Cultivars

Toxicity

Care Guide for Bitter orange

PEOPLE ALSO ASK

Common Pests & Diseases