Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)

Black ash

Black ash (Fraxinus nigra) is a deciduous tree that grows to 12 to 15 m tall. It has an attractive dark gray or brown bark and its limbs ascend upward to form a small canopy. It prefers full sun to partial shade and thrives in cold climates. It is adaptable to wet sites but is susceptible to emerald ash borer.

Scientific classification

Species

Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)

Mints plantains olives and allies

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree

Plant Type

Spring

Bloom Time

Summer

Harvest Time

15 m to 20 m

Plant Height

Cream

Flower Color

Green, Brown

Stem Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Deciduous

Leaf type

0 - 32 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Slow

Growth Rate

Images of Black ash

Attributes of Black ash

Growth Rate

Black ash's slow growth rate fundamentally shapes its spring and summer cycles. During these seasons, it gradually increases in height and leaf mass, a process demanding years for notable changes. Characteristically, new growth may appear denser, bolstering its overall canopy resilience. Detailed observation might reveal slower seasonal flowering, aligning with this sluggish growth pattern. Its slow growth rate allows black ash to invest in substantial, prolonged resource collection and internal processing, endowing it with a unique toughness to endure harsh conditions.

Distribution of Black ash

Distribution Map

Black ash is native to the temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere. It has been introduced and cultivated in regions renowned for their botanical diversity. Black ash can adapt to a range of climatic conditions, which has allowed it to be successfully established outside its native range, including continents like South America.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Deep cold swamps, river banks, shores

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

Black ash is an ornamental tree found in many temperate gardens. It is grown for its hardiness and the beauty of its foliage and cream-colored flowers. It is resistant to pests, wind, and deer. It is a water-loving plant, and is often planted at the edges of bodies of water, or in sunny, marshy areas in the garden, sometimes as part of a rain garden.

Symbolism

Protection, Prosperity, Sea Rituals

Name Story

Black ash: The genus name, Fraxinus is the old Latin name for this genus meaning "spear". Ash wood, being tough and elastic, was originally used for spears and bows in the past. The specific epithet, nigra means "black" which is the color of the buds. Therefore, the plant is called black ash.

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Quickly Identify Black ash

Odd pinnately compound leaves with 7-11 oblong leaflets, serrated margins, and a lighter undersurface.

Distinctive dark stem buds and inner bark against light brown to gray twigs.

Inconspicuous pale yellow-green flowers lacking petals, about 0.2 inches (5 mm) in diameter.

Fruit is a greenish to brownish samara with a single elongated wing, 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) long.

Robust trunk with dark inner bark, deep blocky furrows, and several inches thick protective bark.

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Care Guide for Black ash

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

0 - 32 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Originating from wetlands, black ash prefers consistent moisture and higher humidity. Water every 1-2 weeks, increasing during the growing season. Indoor cultivation requires well-draining soil to replicate its native dampness, while avoiding waterlogging to support lush foliage development.

Fertilize: For optimal growth, black ash requires balanced fertilizers and occasional high nitrogen feeds, especially in spring and fall. Apply quarterly at recommended rates to avoid root harm, using protective gear. Distribute evenly at black ash's drip line to promote healthy growth while minimizing nutrient burn.

Pruning: Black ash features slender, grayish bark and compound leaves. Prune in early spring to remove dead or crossing branches, enhancing structure and airflow. Thinning reduces wind resistance. Ensure clean cuts to minimize disease risk, and follow local horticultural guidelines for best practices.

Propagation: Black ash can be propagated via cutting by selecting healthy shoots and using a rooting hormone. Plant in well-draining medium, maintain consistent moisture, and provide indirect light to support growth from cuttings to established saplings.

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