Possumhaw (Ilex decidua)

Possumhaw

Also known as: Deciduous yaupon, Swamp holly

Possumhaw is a deciduous shrub that can grow to tree-like dimensions in the right conditions. The leaves are a dark green and the fruits are red, shiny, and round with a diameter of 4 to 8 mm. Only female plants produce these berries.

Scientific classification

Species

Possumhaw (Ilex decidua)

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree, Shrub

Plant Type

Green

Leaf Color

2.5 cm

Flower Size

Red, Orange, Burgundy

Fruit Color

White, Green

Flower Color

Silver, Gray

Stem Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Deciduous

Leaf type

15 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Images of Possumhaw

Attributes of Possumhaw

Growth Rate

During its active growth seasons of Spring and Summer, possumhaw exhibits a rapid growth rate, which is reflected in vigorous leaf production, extensive height increase, and frequent flowering. The quick rate enables possumhaw to rapidly occupy space and out-compete other plants, with visible changes in its form and biomass in a relatively short time span. However, the growth rate might vary in other seasons, being less pronounced in Autumn and Winter. This growth pattern makes possumhaw a dynamic element of its ecosystem, demonstrating its adaptability and resilience.

Distribution of Possumhaw

Distribution Map

Possumhaw is restricted to the southern United States. It loves moist soils such as streams, wet woods, and thickets. Possumhaw is valued as an ornamental. It can be used as a specimen or as part of a hedge as it offers a screen for gardeners.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Floodplains, margins of swamps or lakes, limestone glades and bluffs, along streams in wet woods, lowland valleys, sloughs, swamps, backyard gardens

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Culture

Garden Use

Possumhaw is a large, rather uncommon shrub that is conspicuous for its silvery branches and bright winter berries. Its striking appearance makes it wonderful as a specimen piece and is usually grown in pairs to ensure the female trees produce their berries. Possum haws can be encouraged to grow in groups as a hedge as well. Works wonderfully in cottage gardens and enjoys the company of azaleas, hydrangeas, and peonies.

Symbolism

Protection, Anti-Lightning, Luck

Name Story

Possumhaw: The common name, Possumhaw is derived from the fact that opossums consume the fruit and the similar appearance of the fruit to that of hawthorn.

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Toxicity

Possumhaw berries are mildly toxic to dogs, cats, and small children if ingested, causing vomiting, stomach pain, and diarrhea. All parts of possumhaw are toxic, requiring pet owners to prevent access. Immediate veterinary care is needed if cats or dogs ingest it to avoid serious illness. Keep possumhaw out of reach of children to prevent potential poisoning. Possumhaw contains saponin. It can be irritating to the digestive tract.

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Quickly Identify Possumhaw

Distinctive orange-red berries persist through winter, attracting wildlife.

Small whitish flowers lack strong scent, appearing inconspicuous in April-May.

Glossy dark green leaves with narrow, crenate margins and fall color change.

Smooth gray-brown bark adorned with scattered warts, unique texture for identification.

Dioecious species with some perfect flowers, requiring male proximity for pollination.

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Care Guide for Possumhaw

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

15 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Originating from varied moisture regions, possumhaw is moderately drought-tolerant. It prefers consistent soil moisture, requiring watering every 1-2 weeks, especially during active growth in spring and summer. Watering needs fluctuate with the seasons, matching increased rainfall patterns.

Fertilize: For possumhaw, use balanced nutrition fertilizers with higher nitrogen in spring. Apply quarter-strength monthly during the growing season, then bimonthly in fall, stopping in winter. Use slow-release formulations for steady feeding and adjust based on possumhaw's response to ensure optimal plant health.

Pruning: Possumhaw thrives with early spring pruning, enhancing vigor and shape. Key methods include removing dead branches, thinning for light, and shaping for aesthetics. Regular pruning fosters healthy growth, boosts berry production, and maintains visual appeal across seasons.

Propagation: Possumhaw propagates through hardwood cuttings, air layering, and seed sowing in autumn and winter. It requires moderate care, with success indicated by new growth or roots. Use well-draining soil and maintain moisture without waterlogging for optimal results.

Repotting: Possumhaw matures into a medium-sized deciduous shrub. Repot every 2-3 years in early spring using a pot 2-3 inches wider. Maintain moist soil in partial sun post-repotting, and use a well-draining mix to ensure moderate moisture for optimal growth.

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Images of Possumhaw

Attributes of Possumhaw

Distribution of Possumhaw

Culture

Toxicity

Quickly Identify Possumhaw

Care Guide for Possumhaw

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