Yaupon is a small tree or large shrub native to the southeastern United States. It is known for its small, evergreen leaves and its small, white flowers that bloom in the spring. The tree produces small, black berries that are favored by a variety of birds. In the garden, yaupon is often used as a hedge or border plant due to its dense growth habit and its ability to tolerate trimming. In addition to its practical uses in the garden, yaupon has a long history of use by Native American tribes, who used the plant for medicinal purposes and as a source of caffeine. The leaves of the plant can be brewed into a tea that is similar in flavor to black tea.
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Mid spring, Late spring, Early summer, Mid summer
Bloom Time
Winter
Harvest Time
5 m to 9 m
Plant Height
2.5 m to 3.5 m
Spread
Green
Leaf Color
5 mm to 6 mm
Flower Size
Red, Burgundy
Fruit Color
White, Yellow, Green
Flower Color
Silver, Purple, Gray, Lavender
Stem Color
Winter dormancy
Dormancy
Evergreen
Leaf type
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Distribution
Culture
Toxicity
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Care Guide
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Common Diseases
Images of Yaupon
Attributes of Yaupon
Growth Rate
During spring and summer, yaupon's slow growth rate results in gradual development, manifesting as sparing leaf production and minimal height increase. This pattern reflects yaupon's adaptation to environmental stressors, conserving energy to sustain survival against fluctuations during these active growing seasons. Such a slow development also ensures a sturdy and compact structure stabilizing the plant amidst varying climatic conditions.
Distribution of Yaupon
Distribution Map
The yaupon shrub is native to the southeastern United States, growing along coastal plains in many sandy soil conditions. The shrub is cultivated throughout the southern United States, often as a low-growing hedge.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Introduced
No species reported
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Habitat
Sandy woods, Clearings, Low moist woods, Coast
Hemisphere Trend Curve
Northern
Sorthern
Flowering
Fruiting
Culture
Garden Use
Yaupon is an evergreen holly that is sometimes grown ornamentally. The plant has the bright red berries characteristic of holly and these attract wildlife to the garden. This holly is a good choice for city gardens since it is tolerant of urban pollution. Yaupon is suited to containers, hedging, and growth as a specimen tree for its attractive urn shape. This holly contrasts well with coral bells, rose of sharon, and red twig dogwood.
The yaupon plant was a common component of Native American ceremonies where it was brewed as an herbal tea. Yaupon tea was brewed for purification rituals designed to unite men. It's a point of historical contention whether the yaupon was used as a vomiting agent during these ceremonies. Recently, the drink has regained popularly among consumers and is produced and sold commercially.
Name Story
Yaupon holly: The word, yaupon was derived from its Catawban name, yopún, which is a diminutive form of the word yop, meaning "tree". The genus name Ilex, refers to the meaning "holm oak" in which holm refers to the Holly in English dialect. Hence, this plant is called Yaupon Holly.
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Toxicity
Yaupon poses mild toxicity risks to cats and dogs if ingested in large quantities. Every part of yaupon is harmful, potentially causing vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy. Immediate veterinary care is crucial if ingestion is suspected to ensure prompt treatment and minimize health complications. Pet owners should closely monitor and prevent their pets from accessing yaupon.
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Water:
Native to the southeastern United States, yaupon thrives in well-draining soils with periodic rainfall. It has moderate drought tolerance, needing watering every 1-2 weeks, allowing soil to dry partly. This evergreen plant is resilient outdoors, adapting well to varying water regimes.
Fertilize:
For optimal care of yaupon, use balanced fertilizers or high nitrogen during its growth cycle. Apply every 2-3 weeks in spring, monthly during active growth, and quarterly in fall. Water well post-fertilization to prevent root burn and ensure nutrient uptake.
Pruning:
Yaupon requires winter pruning before early spring to encourage new branch growth, which is essential for flowering and fruiting. Remove old, yellow, or diseased leaves and cut one-third of old branches annually. In snowy areas, bundle remaining branches to prevent ice damage.
Propagation:
Yaupon can be propagated via cuttings in spring and summer. The method is moderately easy, and new leaf growth indicates success. Maintain optimal humidity and consistent temperature for improved results.
Repotting:
Repot yaupon every 2-3 years in early spring using a container 2 inches larger for root growth. After repotting, water thoroughly and place in bright, indirect light. Use a well-draining potting mix to ensure yaupon's continued health.
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