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Perennial ryegrass
Also known as: English ryegrass, Ray grass
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is a plant species native to Eurasia. Perennial ryegrass is used in mixtures of lawn seed to feed cattle and to control erosion. Perennial ryegrass is also used to create turf for golf courses because of its hardiness. In countries where it's imported, this plant is often considered an invasive species.
Scientific classification
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Perennial, Annual
Lifespan
Grass
Plant Type
Late spring, Summer, Early fall
Bloom Time
Spring, Summer
Harvest Time
30 cm to 90 cm
Plant Height
10 cm
Spread
Green
Leaf Color
5 mm to 8 mm
Flower Size
Brown
Fruit Color
Green
Flower Color

Images of Perennial ryegrass

Distribution of Perennial ryegrass

Distribution Map
Perennial ryegrass is a widely distributed grass species, native to a vast region covering parts of Europe, the Middle East, and northern Africa. It is notably cultivated for various purposes, which indicates extensive human-mediated distribution beyond its indigenous range. The plant has been introduced to multiple continents, including Asia, the Americas, and Oceania, and is sometimes thought to be invasive in certain areas, such as New Zealand, where it may have an impact on local ecosystems.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Introduced
No species reported
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Habitat
Meadows, weedy places
Hemisphere Trend Curve

Culture

Garden Use
Perennial ryegrass is one of the most frequently used grasses for turf and lawn grass mixes due to its consistent lushness, high tolerance of foot traffic, and quick establishment. This grass is used in a huge range of areas, from home lawns and parks to golf and baseball turfs.
Symbolism
Vice and changeable disposition
Name Story
Perennial ryegrass: This plant is commonly used in the southwest United States to overseed winter lawns and it is also used as an indicator of nonspecies-rich grassland. Since it is also a perennial plant, it is called perennial ryegrass.
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Quickly Identify Perennial ryegrass

1
Glossy green leaves with a prominent central ridge and smooth edges.
2
Leaves fold when young, unfolding as they mature.
3
Tightly packed foliage forms a dense sward.
4
Plant height ranges from 1 to 3 feet (30 to 90 cm).
5
Fast growth rate and tolerance to close mowing for uniform turf maintenance.
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Care Guide for Perennial ryegrass

Twice per week
Water
Full sun
Sunlight
20 - 35 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Garden Soil
Soil Type
Water: Thriving in temperate climates, perennial ryegrass prefers consistently moist soil and can withstand brief droughts. Watering twice a week is recommended. It is typically grown outdoors, benefiting from natural precipitation, which promotes its lush greenery during the growing season.
Fertilize: Fertilizing perennial ryegrass is essential for growth, using nitrogen-rich lawn fertilizers in spring and fall. An ideal N-P-K ratio of 3-1-2 is recommended, with 1 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet every 6 to 8 weeks. Follow guidelines for even application and water after fertilization.
Pruning: Perennial ryegrass is a finely textured grass ideal for lawns and pastures. Mow to 1-2 inches for density and weed control. Prune in early to mid-spring for uniform growth, and focus on cooler periods for vigorous regeneration. Benefits include better aeration and sunlight penetration.
Propagation: Perennial ryegrass is propagated best through division in Spring or Autumn. This method requires moderate skill, and success is signaled by fresh growth. Maintaining optimal moisture levels is crucial for the process.
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