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German chamomile
Also known as: Scented mayweed, Italian camomilla
German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is a popular herb with a distinctive aroma. A blue essential oil can be extracted from the flowers for use in the cosmetic industry. It is also used as a flavoring or aromatic agent for foods, beverages, and all kinds of household chemicals. It can also be made into herbal tea which has become more popular than the related Roman chamomile. Because it's reported that german chamomile could cause allergic reactions, care should be taken especially for sensitive people.
Scientific classification
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Toxic to Humans
Toxicity
Annual, Biennial
Lifespan
Herb
Plant Type
Mid spring, Late spring, Summer, Early fall, Mid fall
Bloom Time
1.8 cm to 2.5 cm
Flower Size
Brown, Yellow
Fruit Color
White, Yellow
Flower Color
Green
Stem Color
Winter dormancy
Dormancy
Deciduous
Leaf type
20 - 35 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Summer, Fall
Growth Season
Rapid
Growth Rate

Images of German chamomile

Distribution of German chamomile

Distribution Map
German chamomile is native to Eurasia and into the north of Africa. It has been introduced widely into North America, parts of South America, parts of Africa and Australia. It is also widely cultivated. It is easy to grow anywhere, requiring only some sunlight and reasonably rich topsoil.
Native
Cultivated
Invasive
Introduced
No species reported
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Habitat
Sandy or loamy arable soils, saline steppes
Hemisphere Trend Curve
Flowering
Fruiting

Culture

Garden Use
German chamomile can be planted for the visual appeal of its fragrant, sunny little daisies of white with yellow centers, but this plant is most commonly-found in herb gardens, as it can be harvested to make a popular tea. It pairs well with other herbs like mint and basil, or with cruciferous vegetables like cabbage or kale.
Symbolism
Money, Sleep, Love
Interesting Facts
German chamomile is a pretty, dainty flowering annual with a hardy disposition. It produces a sweet fragrance and its tiny blooms dance on long, thin stems. German chamomile is often touted for its folk medicinal uses to calm stomach issues and sooth skin irritations.
Name Story
German chamomile: The word chamomile comes from the Greek language meaning "earth-apple" and it is called the word because of the apple-like scent it exudes. It is a herb that is native to southern and eastern Europe. Since Germany is one of its origins, it is called German chamomile.
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Toxicity

German chamomile poses mild toxicity risks to dogs and cats. Ingestion of any part can cause poisoning, leading to symptoms like gastrointestinal upset and skin irritation. It can cause mild allergic reactions in sensitive humans, with symptoms like an itchy rash. Avoid consumption or topical use before surgery or if sensitive to estrogen. Immediate veterinary care is crucial for pets. Secure treatment if poisoning is suspected.
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Weed Control

Native to Eurasia, german chamomile has been spread to most temperate areas around the world. In the United States, it is naturalized throughout the northwest, upper midwest, and northeast and is listed as invasive or noxious in Alaska, Washington, and Colorado. It is cultivated extensively for its many uses, however it frequently escapes cultivation. Individual plants can produce up to 300,000 seeds that are spread readily by water, animals, and agricultural activities. Plowing and mechanical weeding have been effective in controlling german chamomile as an agricultural weed. Sowing competitive forage species and herbicide application may also be effective, although german chamomile is resistant to certain herbicides.
How to Control It
The best time to manage german chamomile is in late winter or early spring before it starts to flower. Control should occur before the plants set seed to prevent further spread.
  1. Hand pulling: Gently pull german chamomile from the ground, ensuring the roots come out entirely to prevent regrowth. Perform hand pulling after a rainfall when the soil is soft.
  2. Mulching: Apply a generous layer of organic mulch around desired plants to suppress german chamomile growth by blocking light and hindering seed germination.
  3. Mowing: Regularly mow the area where german chamomile grows before it flowers to inhibit seed development and spread.
  4. Plant spacing: When cultivating german chamomile, space the plants appropriately to avoid over-crowding and reduce self-seeding tendencies.
  5. Companion planting: Grow competitive plants alongside german chamomile that can outcompete it for resources, thus naturally limiting its growth.
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Quickly Identify German chamomile

1
Bright white petals encircling a yellow disc distinguish the showy flowers of german chamomile.
2
Feathery, finely divided, light green leaves with thread-like segments are key identifiers of german chamomile.
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Care Guide for German chamomile

Twice per week
Water
Full sun
Sunlight
20 - 35 ℃
Ideal Temperature
Garden Soil
Soil Type
Water: Thriving in temperate regions, german chamomile adapts to moderate moisture and brief dry spells. It prefers consistent watering, about twice a week, avoiding waterlogging. While benefitting from natural rainfall, it needs additional irrigation during prolonged dry periods to support flowering and maintain soil moisture balance.
Fertilize: For optimal growth, fertilize german chamomile bi-weekly during the growing season with a high-phosphorus formula. Use a diluted liquid fertilizer at half strength to prevent over-fertilization. Monitor growth stages and reduce frequency in colder months, ensuring even soil moisture for robust growth.
Pruning: Pruning german chamomile in early to late spring enhances vigor and blooming. Remove dead stems and shape the plant to improve airflow and reduce disease risk. Use clean, sharp tools for effective pruning, promoting a healthier structure and prolonged flowering.
Propagation: German chamomile is easy to propagate by sowing seeds in spring. For successful germination and healthy growth, use well-draining soil and maintain consistent moisture levels.
Repotting: Provide german chamomile with excellent drainage in pots to ensure optimal growth and prevent root rot.
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