Oleander - Nerium oleander (Care, Characteristics, Flower, Images, Toxic)

Oleander

Also known as: Nerium

Nerium oleander, colloquially known as oleander, is a shrub or a small tree, known for its majestic pink five-lobed flowers and deep green lanceolate leaves. Oleander is one of the most poisonous popular decorative garden plants, so it is advised to keep small children and pets away from it.

Scientific classification

Species

Oleander (Nerium oleander)

Gentians, dogbanes, madders, and allies

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Toxic to Human & Pets

Toxicity

Perennial

Lifespan

Shrub, Tree

Plant Type

Summer

Bloom Time

Summer

Harvest Time

2 m to 6 m

Plant Height

1.8 m to 3 m

Spread

Green, Blue

Leaf Color

2.5 cm to 5 cm

Flower Size

Brown, Green, Copper

Fruit Color

White, Red, Pink, Yellow, Orange, Cream, Purple

Flower Color

Green

Stem Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Evergreen

Leaf type

15 - 38 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Spring, Summer

Growth Season

Rapid

Growth Rate

Images of Oleander

Distribution of Oleander

Distribution Map

Due to centuries of cultivation, it is unknown exactly where oleander comes from, but it certainly is native to the Mediterranean basin. It is now naturalized in many nations around the globe. It prefers to grow along rivers and streams.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

River banks, river gravels

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Flowering

Fruiting

Culture

Garden Use

Oleander is a popular ornamental evergreen shrub cultivated since the time of the ancient Romans. It offers great garden appeal with its bright flowers which bloom from late spring through to fall. Oleander makes for a great hedge or screening plant but also looks nice in the back of a border. Since it is only slightly frost-tolerant it can be grown indoors as a houseplant in colder regions. Its salt tolerance also makes it a great option for coastal gardens. This plant grows well with agapanthus 'Peter Pan', crape myrtle, and holly.

Symbolism

Caution, desire, destiny, romance, charm

Interesting Facts

Despite the fact that oleander is so poisonous to many creatures, the caterpillars of the Oleander hawk-moth (Daphnis nerii) are immune to its toxins. In fact, oleander is their main food source, which has led to the introduction of this moth in all areas where the plant is grown ornamentally.

Name Story

Common oleander: Its common name is similar to the latin specific epithet, oleander which comes from two sources. From one source, the word is derived partly from arodandrum, lorandrum or rhododendron. While the other part, olea is inspired by its similarity in appearance to Olea europea. From the other source, it is believed that oleander is derived from the latin word, ollyo and aner or andros. The word, ollyo means that "I kill" while andros refers to the meaning of man. As this plant is poisonous and it is the only species in its genus, it is then called common oleander.

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Cultivars

There are several recognized cultivars of Oleander, including the following common varieties :

Oleander 'Provence'Oleander 'Alsace'Oleander 'Hardy Red'Oleander 'Petite Salmon'Oleander 'Petite Pink'Oleander 'Splendens'Oleander 'Hardy Pink'

Toxicity

Oleander is highly toxic to humans and animals. Ingestion or contact can cause severe symptoms like low blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, vomiting, and potentially death. All parts of oleander are toxic. Cats and dogs are especially vulnerable due to cardiac glycosides, leading to heart issues and possible fatality. Immediate medical or veterinary care is essential.

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Quickly Identify Oleander

Oppositely arranged or whorled linear-lanceolate leaves, 4-7 inches (10-18 cm) long.

Terminal clusters of 5-petaled flowers in various colors, 1-1.5 inches (2.5-3.8 cm) across.

Slender pair of green follicles, 5-7 inches (12.7-17.8 cm) long, with smooth surface.

Sturdy, cane-like stems with thick, glossy green twigs, reaching 6-12 feet (1.8-3.6 meters).

Sticky sap exuded by damaged stems enhances identification of the plant.

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Care Guide for Oleander

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

15 - 38 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Water: Oleander has balanced water needs, requiring watering once every 1-2 weeks. Native to arid regions, it shows drought tolerance. As an evergreen, oleander retains foliage year-round, indicating a consistent water requirement regardless of the season.

Fertilize: Fertilize oleander with a balanced 10-10-10 blend monthly from spring to summer, reducing half for potted varieties. Avoid winter feeding. Water after application to prevent root burn. Handle fertilizers carefully, as oleander is toxic; avoid skin contact and inhalation.

Pruning: Oleander is a flowering shrub that thrives with early spring pruning to manage size and enhance blooms. Prioritize removing dead branches and thin overcrowded areas for better air circulation. Using clean, sharp tools is essential to minimize stress and disease transmission.

Propagation: Oleander is a popular evergreen shrub admired for its vibrant flowers and adaptability. Propagation via cuttings is best, utilizing healthy semi-hardwood stems and rooting hormones. Rooting requires a well-draining medium, kept moist but not soggy. Young plants need careful transition to permanent locations.

Repotting: Repot oleander every 2-3 years during spring using a pot 2 inches larger than the root ball. After repotting, provide bright, indirect light and moderate watering. Handle oleander with care due to its toxicity, ensuring the right conditions for healthy growth.

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Images of Oleander

Distribution of Oleander

Culture

Cultivars

Toxicity

Quickly Identify Oleander

Care Guide for Oleander

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