

How to identify Oleander (Nerium oleander)
Oleander, also known as Nerium
Oleander is a swiftly growing evergreen shrub or small tree, reaching heights of approximately 6.5 to 19.5 feet (2 to 6 meters) and widths of 6 to 10 feet (1.8 to 3 meters). It boasts glossy, sturdy green stems and linear-lanceolate leaves that are oppositely arranged or in whorls of 3 to 4, measuring 4 to 7 inches (10 to 18 cm) in length and less than an inch (2.5 cm) wide. The plant features conspicuous, terminal clusters of 5-petaled flowers, each 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm) across, with fruit manifesting as a pair of splitting follicles. The stems exude a sticky sap when damaged.
Oppositely arranged or whorled linear-lanceolate leaves, 4-7 inches (10-18 cm) long.
Terminal clusters of 5-petaled flowers in various colors, 1-1.5 inches (2.5-3.8 cm) across.
Slender pair of green follicles, 5-7 inches (12.7-17.8 cm) long, with smooth surface.
Sturdy, cane-like stems with thick, glossy green twigs, reaching 6-12 feet (1.8-3.6 meters).
Sticky sap exuded by damaged stems enhances identification of the plant.
The leaves of oleander are linear-lanceolate, arranged in opposite pairs or whorls of 3 or 4 along a woody stem. They are 4-7 inches (10-18 cm) long, sharply acute, and have entire margins. The leathery, dark green leaves are glossy and thick with a prominent, pinnate midrib. They have short petioles, contributing to their rigid appearance.
The flowers of oleander are striking and come in a variety of colors including white, pink, red, lilac, purple, orange, salmon, apricot, or yellow. Each flower is five-petaled and can be single or double, featuring a funnelform corolla with a slender tube. The stamens are attached below the throat. Flowers form in terminal clusters known as cymes and bloom from late spring to late summer. These fragrant and showy blossoms greatly enhance the visual appeal of the plant.
The stems of oleander exhibit a strong, cane-like structure, typically reaching a height of 6-12 feet (1.8-3.6 meters). They are marked by a stout, shiny green appearance, offering a sturdy base for the plant's branching. The twigs are notably thick and robust, adding to the overall toughness of the plant. The stem's color and texture may aid in identification, characterized by their smooth, glossy surface and notable green hue.
The fruit of oleander consists of a slender pair of follicles, each about 5-7 inches (12.7-17.8 cm) in length. These pod-like structures are typically green in color, assuming a drooping position as they mature. The surface texture is smooth, and the capsules are known to split open upon drying. This mechanism is essential for the release of small, fringed seeds equipped with a fluffy appendage, facilitating wind dispersal. Although not overly ornamental, these narrow capsules are a characteristic feature of oleander.
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Scientific Classification of Oleander