Black gum - Nyssa sylvatica (Care, Characteristics, Symbolism, Images)

Black gum

Also known as: Sour gum, Beetlebung

Nyssa sylvatica, commonly known as black gum and tupelo, is a deciduous tree native to eastern regions of North America. It is a medium-sized tree, often cultivated as an ornamental in parks due to the beautiful scarlet color of its autumn leaves.

Scientific classification

Species

Black gum (Nyssa sylvatica)

Dogwoods, hydrangeas, and allies

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree

Plant Type

Summer

Bloom Time

Fall

Harvest Time

20 m to 25 m

Plant Height

6 m to 9 m

Spread

Green, Red, Orange, Purple, Blue, Yellow

Leaf Color

1.3 cm

Flower Size

Black, Blue

Fruit Color

Green, Yellow, White

Flower Color

Green, Red, Yellow, Blue, Orange, Black

Stem Color

Winter dormancy

Dormancy

Deciduous

Leaf type

0 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Spring, Summer

Growth Season

Moderate

Growth Rate

Images of Black gum

Attributes of Black gum

Growth Rate

In spring and summer, black gum exhibits moderate growth marked by the steady emergence of its notable glossy dark green foliage. This medium-paced development allows for heightened drought resistance during warm seasons, while conservatively balancing resources for height increase. Observably, black gum heightens more distinctly in summers, indicating seasonal growth speed variation.

Distribution of Black gum

Distribution Map

Black gum is native to the eastern half of the United States, Ontario, and Mexico. It grows in low, wet woodlands but also does well in drier sites, including gravelly or sandy soil, loam, and clay.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

Swamps, Shores, Slopes

Hemisphere Trend Curve

Northern

Sorthern

Flowering

Fruiting

Culture

Garden Use

Black gum (Nyssa sylvatica) is a deciduous tree that has a wide, rounded crown that makes it a popular shade tree for parks and larger gardens. Its brilliant foliage and branches give it an attractive appearance all year round. This tree looks great with differently-colored species like sweetgum, southern magnolia, and Carolina allspice.

Symbolism

Endurance, transformation, adapting to tough circumstances

Interesting Facts

Black gum is a popular tree for beekeepers to use as a bee gum, or sections of hollow trees to cultivate honey. Bee gums have been used since the beginning of 20th century, especially the southeastern United States. The general idea of bee gums can be performed in different types of trees, but the use of the black gum is how bee gums got their names.

Name Story

Black gum: Its common name is used to distinguish the Nyssa genus plants from other plants. As her tree bark displayed a black surface with a similar wrinkled texture to alligator skin. Although none of the parts have any sticky and gelatinous substance, it is still called black gum.

Black tupelo: Tupelo is a plant from the Native American origin, coming from the Creek words ito meaning "tree" and opilwa meaning "swamp". It was used during the mid-18th century. While these trees are often known simply as "tupelo", the complete name, black tupelo helps distinguish it from the other species from the tupelo genus.

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Toxicity

Black gum poses moderate toxicity risks to both cats and dogs. Ingestion of the plant's sap, juice, or unripe fruit can cause symptoms of poisoning. Immediate veterinary care is crucial. Pet owners should prevent their animals from chewing or consuming any part of black gum to avoid illness or distress.

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Quickly Identify Black gum

Elliptic to obovate leaves with lustrous dark green upper surface

Distinct bluish-black drupes clustered on stalks in late summer to fall

Chambered pith and unique vascular bundle arrangement in leaf scars

Ridged texture on developing bark evolving into cobbled rectangular blocks

Slender branches growing at right angles from the trunk, forming a distinctive pattern

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Care Guide for Black gum

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

0 - 35 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Water: Originating from wetlands and upland forests, black gum thrives in moisture-rich environments. Once established, it tolerates moderate drought. Water every 1-2 weeks, aligning with its natural cycle. Typically grown outdoors, black gum shows resilience to fluctuating humidity, adapting well to various climate zones.

Fertilize: For black gum, use balanced or high nitrogen fertilizers to boost growth. Apply in spring and autumn, adjusting amounts for established plants. Young black gum needs frequent feeding, while mature ones require less. Water after application, adapt based on seasons, and avoid over-fertilization to protect black gum.

Pruning: Black gum exhibits vibrant fall foliage and can grow 30-50 feet (9-15 meters) tall. Early spring pruning removes dead or crossing branches, enhances air circulation, and maintains a strong leader. Avoid pruning outside the dormant season to prevent stress and health decline.

Propagation: Black gum can be propagated via hardwood cuttings, layering, and seed sowing in autumn/winter. Propagation difficulty varies; new growth indicates success. Keep cuttings moist and provide bottom heat for optimal results.

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Images of Black gum

Attributes of Black gum

Distribution of Black gum

Culture

Toxicity

Quickly Identify Black gum

Care Guide for Black gum

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