Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra)

Swiss stone pine

Also known as: Arolla pine, Austrian stone pine

The cones of the swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra) produce the popular pine nuts, which are rich in oil and eaten raw or cooked. Turpentine is obtained from the needles, and the by-product, rosin, is used on violinists' bows and ballerinas' shoes.

Scientific classification

Species

Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra)

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Perennial

Lifespan

Tree

Plant Type

Spring, Early summer, Mid summer

Bloom Time

Fall

Harvest Time

25 m to 35 m

Plant Height

Yellow, Green, Brown

Flower Color

Green, Blue

Stem Color

Evergreen

Leaf type

0 - 32 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Slow

Growth Rate

Images of Swiss stone pine

Distribution of Swiss stone pine

Distribution Map

Swiss stone pine originates in the mountain ranges of central and eastern Europe. Its natural range extends through temperate regions, where it thrives in alpine and subalpine zones. Swiss stone pine has been introduced and cultivated in the northern parts of Europe, stretching into some subarctic areas, where it is valued for its adaptability to cold environments.

Native

Cultivated

Invasive

Introduced

No species reported

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Habitat

With larch up to the tree line

Quickly Identify Swiss stone pine

Needles in bundles of five, 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cm) long with distinct bluish-white lines.

Terminal cones that never open, 2-3 inches (5-7.5 cm) long, transitioning from greenish-violet to purplish-brown.

Symmetrical, upright, and columnar shape in youth, rounding into a flat-topped crown in maturity.

Dark, scaly plates on mature branches, new stems covered with orange-brown hairs, irregular branching pattern.

Straight and cylindrical trunk with evolving bark color and texture, smooth gray bark transitioning to darkly fissured.

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Care Guide for Swiss stone pine

Every 1-2 weeks

Water

Full sun

Sunlight

0 - 32 ℃

Ideal Temperature

Garden Soil

Soil Type

Water: Thriving in alpine regions, swiss stone pine prefers moderate moisture and consistent hydration, tolerating brief dry spells. In cultivation, it requires watering every 1-2 weeks. It excels in climates with cold seasons that provide adequate soil moisture without waterlogging risks.

Fertilize: Fertilize swiss stone pine annually in spring using a slow-release, balanced nutrition fertilizer to enhance growth. Adjust frequency to biannually for young plants and decrease for mature ones. Ensure thorough watering after fertilization and avoid over-fertilizing, as swiss stone pine thrives on modest feeding due to its alpine origins.

Pruning: Swiss stone pine is a slow-growing conifer with bluish-green needles. Prune in winter to reduce sap loss and risk of infection, focusing on dead branches and crowded areas. Proper pruning improves air circulation, light access, and overall health, promoting robust growth and an attractive appearance.

Propagation: Swiss stone pine, native to Europe's high elevations, is valued for its tall growth and strong wood. Propagation is best through fresh seeds, which require stratification and deep sowing in partial shade with consistent moisture. Careful transplanting preserves roots for successful establishment.

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